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Development And Performance Evaluation Of Durability Testing Machine
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3.6 Design calculation
3.6.1 Determination of power transmitted by shaft
Power require by the machine
P=(2πN×T)/60 (Gupta and khurmi 2007) where:
P= power (watts)
T= torque (Nm)
N= speed (rpm)
And
T=(P×60)/2πN
T= (110×60)/(2×π×220)
T= 4.77Nm
3.6.2 Pulley design
The ratio between velocity of the electric motor pulley and the driven pulley may be expressed mathematically as:
N1D1 = N2D2 (Khurmi and Gupta 2007)
Where:
N1 = speed of electric motor
N2 = speed of driven pulley
D1 = diameter of the electric motor pulley
D2 = diameter of the driven pulley
N2= N1 D1/D2
N2= (220×56)/110
N2= 112rpm
3.6.3 Belt design
To compare the length of the belt required, the expression below was used:
L=Ï€ ((Dd+De))/2+2C-((Dd-De))/4C
Where:
De = diameter of driver pulley
Dd = diameter of the driven pulley
C = center to center diameter
L= length of the belt required
Where:
C = ½ (D + d) + d (Paul, et al 1968)
D = diameter of the large pulley = 110mm
D = diameter of the small pulley = 56mm
C = ½(110 + 56) + 56
C = ½(166) +56
C = 83 +56= 139mm =0.139mm
L=π ((110+56))/2+2(139)-((110-56))/(4(139)) ²
L = π (83) + 278  5.24
L = 533.51mm = 0.533m
3.7 Performance evaluation
3.7.1 Experimental Instrument
The instruments used in the experiment are as follow;
(i) Stopwatch
(ii) Analog weighing scale
(iii) Recording logbook
3.7.2 Experimental material
The materials used in the experiment are as follow
Moringa Stover
Castor Stover
Sorghum Stover
Bucket
Water (0.5 liters)
3.7.4 Experimental procedure
The durability of briquette was determined by tumbling the sample for 3min at 40rpm. Care was taken that briquette are not broken after they have been weighed and during loading into the tumbler, a stopwatch was set on to record time for tumbling.
After 3min the machine was stopped and the briquette inside the tumbler that does not crumbles were picked out and weighed. Durability of the briquette was calculated as
Durability= (mass of briquette loss)/(mass of briquette gain)×10
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTDurability is used for quantifying the quality of briquette as the ratio of the unbroken weight to initial weight of briquette. This equally measure the durability of briquette under impact load during transportation and handling. A durability machine was developed and has dimension of 300mm×(25×25×3mm)×450mm.It was powered by electric motor of size 0.93hp.The results show that briquette formed from moringa stover has durability of 50%,63.4% and 79% from treatment T1 (100 ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX C - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLETable 3.1 Cost Analysis Table 4.1.1 Durability of moringa briquette produced from different treatment of moringa ground. Table 4.1.2 Durability of castor briquette produced from different treatment of castor ground. Table 4.1.3 Durability of sorghum briquette produced from different treatment of sorghum ground. ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATEPlate 1 Tumbler tester for durability testing machine Plate 2 Dural tester for durability testing machine Plate 3 Dural tester for durability testing machine Plate 4 Durability testing machine ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 2.1 Holmen pellet tester Figure 4.1 Durability line for moringa briquette Figure 4.1.1 Unit density of moringa briquette Figure 4.2 Durability line for castor briquette Figure 4.2.1 Unit density of castor briquette Figure 4.3 Durability line for sorghum briquette Figure 4.3.1 Unit density of sorghum briquette ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTittle page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Content List of Figure List of Table CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preambles 1.2 Statement of the Problems 1.3 Durability Characteristics 1.4 Objectives 1.5 Justification CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Definition of Durability 2.2 Durability measurement and equipment 2.2.1 Tumbler tester ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 PreambleDurability is the assurance or probability that an equipment, machine or material will have a relative long continuous useful life, without requiring an inordinate degree of maintenance. It is the ability to undergo permanent deformation without cracking or fracturing. Durability testing is performance testing equipment used to determine the characteristics of a system under various load condition over time. This testing help us to identify the stabilit ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]2.2.2 Dural tester Figure 2.2 is a picture of the Dural. Initially, the prototype was designed in the Agricultural Process Engineering Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan (Larsen et al., 1996). The Dural was later developed to simulate these forces (Sokhansanj and Crerar, 1999). The equipment consists of a grinder which produces and applies a consistent impact and shear to the pellets. This unit is relatively small, light and can be used on site. The amount of sample required for perfor ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]CHAPTER FOURRESULT AND DISCUSSION4.1 RESULT The result of the durability of briquette produced from some treatment is presented in the table below.4.1.1 Durability and Unit Density of Maringa GroundTable4.1 Durability of Moringa briquette produced from different treatment of moringa ground
T1 = Mixture of 100g of moringa ground + 10g of starch + 0.5 litres of water.T2 = Mixture of 200g of moringa ground + 10g of starch + 0.5 litres of water.T3 = ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVECONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Conclusion The durability testing machine for briquette is designed and fabricated. The performance shows that the machine work well and perform the operation as expected.The durability of moringa briquette for treatment1 (one) is 50%.The durability of moringa briquette for treatment2 (two) is 63.4%.The durability of moringa briquette for treatment3 (three) is 79.7%.The durability of castor briquette for treatment1(one) ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCEASABE standards. 2006. S269.4: Cubes, pellets and crumbles---definitions methods for determining density, durability and moisture content. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, ST. Joseph, MI: ASAE.ASABE Standards, 2007. 54th 317 edition, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI: 567-569SOURCE- Adapa, P.K., G.J. Schoenau, L.G Tabil and A. Singh. 2007. Prediction of hardness and durability of alfalfa cubes processed from fractionated sun-cured and dehydrated alfal ... Continue reading---
