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Design, Fabrication And Performance Evaluation Of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Plates
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problems
1.3 Objective of the Project
1.4 Justification of the Project
1.5 Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Physical Properties of Groundnut
2.1.1 Determination of Size
2.1.2 Determination of Coefficient of Friction
2.1.3 Determination of Moisture Content
2.1.4 Angle of Repose
2.1.5 Porosity
2.1.6 Surface Area
2.2 History of Groundnut in Nigeria
2.3 Agronomy of Groundnut
2.4 Post Harvest Losses of Groundnut Seeds
2.5 Economic Importance of Groundnut Seed
2.6 Factor Affecting Shelling Operation
2.6.1 Cylinder-Concave Clearance
2.6.2 Sieve Shake
2.7 Description of some Threshing Equipment
2.7.1 Maize Sheller
2.7.2 Maize Dehusker-cum Sheller:
2.7.3: Hand Maize Sheller
2.7.4 Groundnut Striper
2.7.5: Groundnut Thresher
2.7.6: Groundnut Decorticator Manually Operated
2.7.7 Power Operated Groundnut Decorticator
2.7.8 Pedal Operated Thresher (Paddy Thresher):
2.8 Terminology Related to Thresher
2.8.1 Feed Rate
2.8.2 Clean Grain
2.8.3 Concave Clearance
2.8.4 Cleaning Efficiency
2.8.5 Threshing Efficiency
2.9 Review of Existing work
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Physical Properties of Biological Materials
3.1.1 Sample Preparation
3.1.2 Determination of Size and Shape
3.1.3 Determination of Moisture Content
3.1.4 Determination of Mass, Volume and Density
3.1.5 Determination of Coefficient of Static Friction
3.1.6 Determination of Angle of Repose
3.2 Description of the Groundnut Pedal Operated Machine
3.3 Design Consideration
3.4 Design Calculation and Analysis
3.4.1 Design for Hopper
3.4.2. Design for Decorticating Unit
3.4.3 Design of Chain Drive
3.4.3.1 Determination of Chain Length between the Pedal and Idler Shaft
3.4.3.2 Determination of Chain Length Between the Idler Shaft and Decorticating Shaft
3.4.3.3 Determination of Chain Length Between the Idler Shaft and Blower Shaft
3.5 Material Selection
3.6 Fabrication Procedure and Assembly
3.6.1 Fabrication of Main Frame
3.6.2 Fabrication of Hopper
3.6.3 Fabrication of Bicycle Pedal and Chain Drive
3.6.4 Fabrication of Decorticating Drum
3.6.5 Decorticating Screen
3.6.6 Operator Seat
3.6.7 Aluminum Spike Tooth
3.7 Principle of Operation of the Machine
3.8 Cost Analysis
3.9 Performance Evaluation
3.9.1 Sourcing of Experimental Material
3.9.2 Sample Preparation
3.9.3 Experimental Procedure
3.9.4 Instrumentation Used for the Experiment
3.9.5 Design Layout
3.9.6 Output Parameter
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Results And Discussion
4.1 Results
4.2. Discussion
4.2.1 Physical Properties of Groundnut Pods
4.2.2 Effect of Operator Parameter Threshing Efficiency
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTShelling of groundnut pods (Arachis hypegea) by hand is tedious, laborious and unhygienic with low efficiencies. As a result farmer get low income due to amount of broken kernels and a lot of time is lost in the tedious shelling operation. To overcome this problem, pertinent parameters that influence shelling efficiency of pedal operated groundnut decorticator were identified. Pedal operated decorticator were designed and fabricated with chain and sprocket of bicycle and aluminum spike t ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]S.E= ("H" )/"A" "×100%" = "549" /"1000" "×100%" = 55% At 1500g S.E= ("H" )/"A" "×100%" = "808" /"1500" "×100%" = 54%Percentage of breakage Broken Efficiency (%) B.E= ("E" )/"A" "×100%" Where B.E is broken efficiency (%) E= Weight of broken groundnut seed (g) A= Weight of groundnut seed fed in to hopper (g) Broken Efficiency for Operator (I) At 500g B.E= "E " /"A" ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable No Table 3.1: BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION (BEME) Table 3.1: Sample Preparation Table 4.1 Data Sheet for Physical Properties of Groundnut Pods Table 4.2 Data Sheet for Output Parameters Table 4.3 Data Sheet for Output Table 4.4 Average Performance of Thresher ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPlate No Plate 2.1: Groundnut Pod Plate 3.1: Sample of Groundnut Seed Plate 3.2: Determination of Coefficient of Static Friction and Angle of Repose Plate 3.3: Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Plate 3.3: Digital Venier Caliper Plate 3.4: Digital Weighing Scale Plate 3.5: Digital Stop Watch Scale Plate 3.6: Electric Oven Plate 3.7: Tachometer ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure No Figure 2.1: Maize Sheller Figure 2.2: Hand Maize Sheller Figure 2.3: Groundnut Thresher Figure 2.4: Manual Operated Groundnut Decorticator (Oscillating Type) Figure 2.5 Power Operated Groundnut Decorticator ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the StudyGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the legume or beans family (Ashish and Handa, 2014; Atiku et al., 2014). It was first cultivated in Peru. Its seed contain about 63% carbohydrate, 19% protein and 6.5% oil. Groundnuts are grown in tropical and subtropical climate regions and warmer parts of temperature regions and it is low growing annual plant and has a variety of uses. Prior to its usage however groundnut need to undergo pr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]Gardi (Gsrdi (2008) developed rotary type groundnut decorticator-cum-cleaner. The average decorticating capacity, average decorticating efficiency, average cleaning efficiency, percent broken kernels, cost of operation were estimated. The results showed that the values were 120.72 kg/h, 84.69%, 87.76%, 5.7% and Rs 23.28/100kg kernels, respectively. Haque et al., (2009) reported that crushing strength of rubber seeds were found to be 121.1kg/cm2 followed by J ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 12 ]Therefore, minimum energy required to shell a groundnut kernel = 2.84Kg/ms.Power Requirement From, P = (2л NT)/60 (Khurmi et al2005.;) (3.6)WhereР= Power N = Seed (rpm) T = Applied torqueAlso, T = F rWhere F = Force exerted r = Radius of force exertedP = "2 л NT" /"60" P ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 ResultsThe raw data for physical properties is as presented in Appendix A while the summary of the results is as presented in table 4.1.The raw data obtained from the experiment is as reported in Appendix B and the means values of the results is as presented in table 4.2. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Conclusions The following conclusion can be drawn from the performance carried out on groundnut decorticator. 1. The lower the knuckle length of the operator the higher the threshing efficiency of the operator. 2. The lower the weight of the operator the higher the throughput capacity of the machine.3. The average performance of the thresher at average operating speed of 245.4pm are threshing efficiency 56%, unthreshe ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdewunmi, T. (2000) Performance Evaluation of a Locally Developed Maize Sheller with Husking and Winnowing Capacity Proceeding of the NIAE. Pp. 68-73.Afosie, V.N., Akinhanm, T.F. and Ojiodu, C.C. (2009) Proximate Analysis and Physio-Chemical Properties of Groundnut.Ashish S. Raghtafe and Dr. C. C. Handa (2014): “Design consideration of Groundnut Sheller machineâ€. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpu. International Journal of Innovative R ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTShelling of groundnut pods (Arachis hypegea) by hand is tedious, laborious and unhygienic with low efficiencies. As a result farmer get low income due to amount of broken kernels and a lot of time is lost in the tedious shelling operation. To overcome this problem, pertinent parameters that influence shelling efficiency of pedal operated groundnut decorticator were identified. Pedal operated decorticator were designed and fabricated with chain and sprocket of bicycle and aluminum spike t ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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