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Design, Fabrication And Performance Evaluation Of A Battery Operated Solar Charged Boom Sprayer
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Sprayers are devices that are specially designed to spray liquid quickly and easily. They come in a number of different varieties. A sprayer is used to cover large area such as lawns quickly and easily. A boom sprayer of this type is typically used for spraying chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.
Along with proper plant selection and cure, controlling pests in lawn or garden is an important part of maintenance. Pesticide, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides should be limited where possible, but when necessary, they should be used responsibility. This is the major reason why crop protection is highly required by dealing with the destructive agents that that usually attack crops as: weeds, pests, insect, diseases e.t.c.
In the dynamic and post changing agricultural system of the country, especially diversification in the dropping particle and commercialization of agriculture, more equipments are required. The existing boom sprayer is operated by tractor.
Hence a battery operated solar charged boom sprayer is to be designed with a low weight compared with the existing boom sprayer which is operated by a tractor.
1.2 Solar Energy and Deep Cycle Battery
1.2.1 Solar Energy
From time immemorial, the sun has been the prime source of energy for life on earth. The solar energy is being used directly for purposes like drying curing agricultural produce, preserving food produce e.t.c.
Today the energy we derive from fuel-wood, petroleum, paraffin, hydro-electricity and foods originates indirectly from sun.
Solar energy is virtually inexhaustible. The total energy we receive from the sun far exceeds our energy demands. It is probably the most reliable source of energy available everywhere and to everyone, unlike other sources.
Ever since the industrial revolutions, human have been dependent on fuels, electricity and wind energy for development in many countries. There are various research work going on about solar energy.
Electricity can be converted from sunlight into direct current with the use of photovoltaic cell (PV). A photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight into direct current using the photovoltaic effect.
1.2.2 Deep Cycle Battery
Batteries are the key component in
various type of renewable energy systems that require the storage of
electricity. A battery is essentially a storage vessel for electricity.
It is a critical component heavily relied upon by the system as a whole.
A battery bank can provide a relatively constant source of power when
the grid is down, or during period when your photovoltaic system is not
producing power. Although batteries are not one hundred percent
efficient, they are predictable and stable enough for reliable long-term
service. Batteries are basically the only method to store direct
current (DC) power produced from source like solar panel, wind
generators, micro-hydro or generators.
Deep Cycle Batteries are
energy storage units or device in which a chemical reaction occurs that
develops voltage and results in electricity. These batteries are
designed to be cycled (discharged and recharged) many times. While a
car battery is designed to deliver a burst of energy for a short time, a
deep cycle battery provides power at a steady rate over a long period
of time.
There are different types of deep cycle batteries such as;
Flooded batteries, gel batteries, and AGM batteries (Absorbed Glass
Mat); And more recently, Lithium – ion. All are made differently.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Abstract would be uploaded soon ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Solar Energy and Deep Cycle Battery 1.2.1 Solar Energy 1.3 Definition of Sprayer1.4 Statement of the Problem1.5 Aims and Objectives of the Project 1.6 Justification of the Project1.7 Scope of the Project CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Solar Energy 2.2 Solar cells2.3 Different Types of Solar Panels 2.3.1 Flat Plate Collectors: 2.3.2 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The TankIt
acts as a medium for strong spraying materials. This can be made of
steel, satisfactory is properly galvanized or otherwise treated after
fabrication to prevent erosion. Plastic materials are also used on
account of freedom from corrosion and ease of molding into smooth shapes
which avoid the difficulty of agitating in recesses and sharp corners. Rand
–bottom tanks are best suited to use of a horizontal mechanical gaiter
however, hydraulic agitation is preferred b ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE(REGULATOR); This is a device or mechanism that
maintain any pre-set pressure by by-passing some of the liquid back to
the tank i.e it serves as safety device in automatically unloading the
excessive pressure. (It is a means of adjusting the pressure as required
for the job).PRESSURE GUAGE; This is a component pant of the
sprayer that always indicate the actual pressure at which the sprayer is
working. If properly calibrated, it provides guide to the operator in ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESArchic. A. S. and Harold E. G. 1977. Machine for pover farming. Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York D. Nuyttens, K. Baetens, M. De Schampheleir, B. Sonck, “effects of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristic. “Biosystem Engineering 97, PP 33-345, 2007.Klenin, N. I; poper, I.F; Sakun, V.A. 1985. Agriculttural Machines (The operation, Computation of controlling parameters and the conditions of operation. Amerind Publishing co. Put, ltd ... Continue reading---
