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Design, Fabrication And Performance Evaluation Of A Battery Operated Solar Charged Boom Sprayer
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PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE(REGULATOR); This is a device or mechanism that
maintain any pre-set pressure by by-passing some of the liquid back to
the tank i.e it serves as safety device in automatically unloading the
excessive pressure. (It is a means of adjusting the pressure as required
for the job).
PRESSURE GUAGE; This is a component pant of the
sprayer that always indicate the actual pressure at which the sprayer is
working. If properly calibrated, it provides guide to the operator in
proper adjusting the pressure for each spraying job. It is usually
connected on the discharge line.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM; This is a
convectional hand gun which contain one or more nozzles, in a suitable
mounting. Boom sprayer contains more than two nozzle. It contains a fast
acting control value which serves as a cut off and means of adjusting
the sprayer pattern.
STRAINER; This is a screening device for
separation. Strainer is found in the sunction line between the tank and
the pump to separate and remove foreign materials which might affect
operation of other functioning parts.
FILTER; This is used for final separation. Its finer than strainer and is usually found between the tank, pump and nozzles.
NOZZLES:-
The nozzle is a very important mechanism which breaks the spray liquid
into the desired atomize level of droplet or application to the surface
to be sprayed. The boom was attached to the frame with a bolt, nut and
washer. The boom width is 1735mm. it is compose of horizontal bars on
which two several nozzles is fitted spaced of about 300mm.
AGITATOR:-
This is a component part which assist to maintain homogeneity of the
liquid spray. (it may be either mechanical or hydraulic).
DEEP
CYCLE BATTERY:- A 12VDC battery was used. The AMP hour rating, written
as Ah, tells how much Amperage is available when discharged evenly over a
20-hour period. (Twenty hours has been the standard time length for
rating batteries, although shorter or longer time variable may be used
depending on the application).
There are three basic stages in charge
a batter: Bulk, Absorption and Float. These terms signify different
voltage and current variables involved in each stage of charging.
i.
Bulk Charge:- In the first stage of the process, current is sent to the
batteries at the maximum safe rate they will accept until voltage is
brought up to nearly 80-90 percent full charge level. There are limits
on the amount of current the battery and/or wiring can take.
ii.
Absorption Charge: In the second stage, voltage peaks and stabilizes and
current begins to taper off as internal resistance rises. The charge
controller puts out maximum voltage at this stage.
iii. Float
charge:- This can also be referred to as trickle charging or a
maintenance charge. In this stage, voltage is reduced to lower levels in
order to reduce gassing and prolong battery life. The main purpose of
this stage is basically to maintain the battery’s charge in a controlled
manner. In pulse width modulation (PMW), the charge sends small, short
charging cycles or “pulse†when it senses small drops in voltage.
iv. Fabrication Procedure and Assembling
The procedure that was followed during the fabrication of the battery powered, solar charged boom sprayer is as follows.
Step 1: The frame was made from mild steel hosepipe of ‘2x4â€.
Step 2: A built-in tank of approximately 50 litres was used to measure and join the framework.
Step 3: A pump that produces 55Psi (379.211651KPS) pressure was attached to the sprayer with bolt and nut.
Step 4: Agitator was attached to maintain homogeneity of the liquid spray.
Step 5: A deep cycle battery of 12VDC was used as the power source.
Step 6: A solar panel (12V. 180AMP), was used as a means of charging the battery through photovoltaic effect.
Step
7: A pressure gage, properly calibrated within the pressure range of
the pump, was provided on the discharge line to guide the operator
properly while adjusting the pressure for each spray job.
Step 8:
Strainer and filter were included in the suction line between the tank
and the pump to remove foreign material which night affect the operation
of the values, pump and nozzles.
Step 9: Distribution system was attached
This includes the following parts.
i. Nozzle: this unit helps in conversion of pressurized spray liquid into droplets for application on the target.
ii.
Lace: This is a brass or steel rod, 90Cmion length attached to a
delivery hose of sprayer and fitted to its free with a replicable
nozzle.
iii. Spray bar or Boom: The boom was attached to the
frame with bolt, nut and washer. The boom width is 1735mm. It consists
of horizontal bars on which several nozzles are fitted at uniform
interval of 18inches apart.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Abstract would be uploaded soon ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Solar Energy and Deep Cycle Battery 1.2.1 Solar Energy 1.3 Definition of Sprayer1.4 Statement of the Problem1.5 Aims and Objectives of the Project 1.6 Justification of the Project1.7 Scope of the Project CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Solar Energy 2.2 Solar cells2.3 Different Types of Solar Panels 2.3.1 Flat Plate Collectors: 2.3.2 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the study Sprayers are devices that are specially designed to spray liquid quickly and easily. They come in a number of different varieties. A sprayer is used to cover large area such as lawns quickly and easily. A boom sprayer of this type is typically used for spraying chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.Along with proper plant selection and cure, controlling pests in lawn or garden is an important par ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The TankIt
acts as a medium for strong spraying materials. This can be made of
steel, satisfactory is properly galvanized or otherwise treated after
fabrication to prevent erosion. Plastic materials are also used on
account of freedom from corrosion and ease of molding into smooth shapes
which avoid the difficulty of agitating in recesses and sharp corners. Rand
–bottom tanks are best suited to use of a horizontal mechanical gaiter
however, hydraulic agitation is preferred b ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESArchic. A. S. and Harold E. G. 1977. Machine for pover farming. Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York D. Nuyttens, K. Baetens, M. De Schampheleir, B. Sonck, “effects of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristic. “Biosystem Engineering 97, PP 33-345, 2007.Klenin, N. I; poper, I.F; Sakun, V.A. 1985. Agriculttural Machines (The operation, Computation of controlling parameters and the conditions of operation. Amerind Publishing co. Put, ltd ... Continue reading---
