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Modification And Testing Of Biomass Dryer
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Briquettes are flammable blocks of matter used as fuel. They are made from extruded or compressed shredded combustible materials. A binding agent like starch may be necessary to hold the materials used as briquette are charcoal fines, minerals char, sawdust, chaff from rice, peanut and other crops peats and any biomass materials. (www.renergyholdingscom, 2018).
Some of the advantage to be derived from briquette when used as a source of biomass include, it burns slowly, it is more efficient, smokeless, concentrated, easy to make easy to store, easy to transport, cheaper, availability and renewable.
2.9.2 Solar as a Source of Energy
Solar energy is free, environmentally clean, and therefore is recognized as one of the most promising alternative energy resource options. However, solar energy is intermittent by its nature; there is no sun at night. Its total available value is seasonal and is dependent on the meteorological condition of the location. Unreliability is the biggest retarding factor for extensive solar energy utilization. Of course, reliability of solar energy can be increase by storing its portion when it is in excess of the load and using the stored energy whenever needed (Sharma et al., 2009).
2.9.3 The Fossil Fuels
Air heated by any of the fossil fuels can be a good source of energy for crop drying. In some commercial installation, the air is heated by stream formed by these fuels. The coal is a good source of heat for crop drying. Also, natural gas is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel, which used in turbines to produce electricity.
2.9.4 Electricity
This is the major source of energy for crop drying, especially for the heated air crop dryer with fans and heater which are operated by electricity. But this energy is rarely available in the rural areas where majority of the farmers dwell.
2.9.5 Nuclear Power
Nuclear power harnesses the heart of radioactive materials to produce steam for power generation, which can be used for crop drying. This source of energy is not easily available.
2.9.6 Hydro Power
This uses the force of moving water to produce electricity. Hydro power is one of the main suppliers of electricity in the world, but most often in the form of large dams. A better approach is the use of small “run of the river†hydro plant.
2.9.7 Geothermal Energy
This energy source taps the heat under the earth’s crust to boil water. The hot water is then used to drive electric turbines which can generate energy for crop drying (Huxtable and Poole, 2006).
2.9.8 Wind Power
Advance aerodynamics research has developed wind turbines that can produce electricity at a lower-cost. The electricity can then be used to operate fans and heaters in a crop dryer (Abdul, and Kaddus, 2003).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTDrying is out of the major problem in post harvest operation. The traditional method of Drying (Sun drying) is weather dependent and unhygienic which affect food storage most especially in developing countries like India where more than 3300 to 3700 hours of bright sunshine per year available in North- West and West coastal region. The dryer consist of the following operating component parts: a cabinet, blower, trays, temperature controller, copper wire and light emitting Diode (LED) s ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Drying rate of turmeric at 500c 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.572kg= 1572g of turmeric after peeling thickness= 3mm 2kg= 2000g of turmeric1.680kg= 168.0g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 3mm : 1572g÷6=310g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric 1.689kg= 1680g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 6mm : 1680 ÷ 6= 280g2kg= 200g of turmeric 1.860kg= 1860g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 9mm : 1860 ÷6= 310g ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX C - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Drying rate of turmeric at 700c 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.710kg= 1710g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 3mm : 1.710 ÷ 6 = 285g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.620kg= 1620g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 6mm : 1620g÷6=270g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric 1.740kg= 1740g of turmeric before peeling Thickness= 9mm: 1740 ÷ 6= 290g ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Drying rate of turmeric at 600c 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.620kg= 1620g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 3mm : 1620 ÷ 6 = 260g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.560kg= 1560g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 6mm : 1560g÷6=260g 2kg= 200g of turmeric 1.800kg= 1800g of turmeric before peeling Thickness= 9mm: 1800 ÷ 6= 300g ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable No Table 3.1: Bought out Components for the Production Table 3.2: Cost of Materials for the Production Table 4.1 Drying Rate of Turmeric at 500C When Loaded with 2000g Table 4.2 Drying Rate of Turmeric at 600C When Loaded with 2000g Table 4.3 Drying rate of Turmeric at 700C When Loaded with 2000g Table 4.4 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Table for Sample 3mm, 6mm, and 9mm at Temperature 500C. Table 4.5 Analysis of V ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPlate No Plate 3.1: Charcoal Plate 3.2: Digital Weighing Scale Plate 3.3: Temperature Controller Plate 3.4: Biomass Dryer Plate 3.5: Digital Venier Caliper Plate 4.1: Sliced Tormeric Before Drying ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure No Figure 2.1: The Period of drying Figure 4.1: Effect of Drying Rate of Turmeric at 500C of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm size of Turmeric Figure 4.2: Effect of Drying Rate of Turmeric at 600C of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm size of Turmeric Figure 4.3: Effect of Drying Rate of Turmeric at 700C of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm size of Turmeric ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX D - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSCover Page Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgments Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Aim and Objectives 1.4 Justification 1.5 Scope of the Project CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Drying as an Element of Post Harvest 2.1.1 Types of Losses 2.1.1.1 Moisture Content 2.1.1. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the StudyDrying is the dehydration process used to remove the moisture present in food products by the application of heat. The heat may be supplied either by hot air or from the biomass energy. Drying process is used to preserve the food products for future usage. Drying prevents the growth of bacteria and yeast formation. Drying can be achieved by using open air and biomass dryers. (Atul et al, 2014). Drying has a vital role in post harves ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Transport and logistic = N 20,000Total cost = A + B + C N177,000 + N26,250 + N20,000 = N223,250.003.10.1 Sourcing of Raw Material The turmeric (Curcuma Longal) was bought at Ipata market in Ilorin, Kwara State. This material was confirmed fresh and tender and matured so as to get best quality and nutritious product at the end of the experiment. The initial moisture content of the turmeric was 43% moisture content.3.10.2 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]The initial moisture content of Turmeric after harvest was 43% fresh weight basis. As drying temperature increases, moisture percentage decrease and as drying time increases, moisture content decreases as will.Hence, analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the cutting and drying temperature is significant at 5%. This work is related to the research conducted by Phagu, (2015) who reported that the best drying rate of turmeric is 60oC at 3mm. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions A biomass dryer was modified and tested in the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin. Based on the results obtained from the experiment, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. The temperature considered was 500C, 600C and 700Cat 3mm, 6mm and 9mm respectively. 2. The average weight loss at 500C of 1572g of turmeric was found to be 272.8g, at 600C of 2000g ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCEAggarwal, B.B., Sundaram, C., Malani, N. and Ichikawa, H. (2007). Curcumin: The India Solid Gold. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 595: 1-75.Ajayi C., Orsunil K. S. and Depak D. P. (2009): Design of solar dryer with Turbo ventilator and fireplace. www.solarfood.org/solarfood/--/solarfood.Atul Petal AND Gaurav Petal (2004): “Operation22..al Augmentation of forced circulation type solar Dryer System using CFD Analysisâ€. Int. 10 Journal of Engineering Rese ... Continue reading---
