-
Modification And Testing Of Biomass Dryer
CHAPTER THREE -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 3 of 7
-
-
-
3.2 Description of the Machine
The biomass dryer consist of three major sections, which include solar energy section, biomass store section, and drying chamber section. The dryer has the shape of home cabinet which is provide with one heated air inlet that comes from outside base of the drying chamber for the heated air existing in the biomass store. The drying chamber section is 560mm x 570mm in cross section and has an height of 860mm. it has six trays level and it is fulfilled with a piping system and a copper condenser pipe that channels the heated air released from the surface of the pipe to the trays. The chimney has a height of 457mm from the top base of the drying chamber which is located at the air outlet. The biomass store section consist of two sub-section i.e the briquette combustion chamber and a 12V Dc air blower, which is powered by the solar energy system. The solar energy sections consist of a solar panel of 50 watt with 2V battery as backup. The solar energy system powers the temperature controller that monitors and controls the temperature to the required drying temperature of the crop involved and also powers the light emitting diode (LED) screen that displays various activities occurring in the drying chamber.
The dryer was designed to operate between 00C to 1000C so as to preserve the edibility of the seed for planting.
3.3 Component Parts of the Biomass Dryer
The dryer has a rectangular shape of 1200mm x 850mmx500mm made of galvanized steel and consisting of the following component parts.
Chimney
Drying trays
Solar panel
Battery
Ash port
Temperature controller
Blower
LED screen
Charge controller
Copper pipe
3.3.1 Chimney
Chimney is a hollow structure that allows smoke from fire inside the dryer to escape to the atmosphere. The chimney has a height of 1200mm by 100mm from the ground and is located at the tip of the drying chamber with a cone shape and it serves as the air outlet.
3.3.2 Drying Tray
The drying trays were six in number located inside the drying chamber. It is a perforated tray of 5mm and drying trays of 400mmx60mm. it is use for the placement of the produce to be dried.
3.3.3 Drying Chamber
The drying chamber is a rectangular enclosure of 560mm by 570mm with height of 850mm using 1mm thick mild steel and lagged with fibre glass. It comprises of chimney that allows the escape of moisture evaporated from the produce to the atmosphere.
3.3.4 Solar Panel
Solar panel refers to the panel that absorb the sun’s rays as a source of energy for generating heat that is use to charge the battery to power the lower and the temperature controller. The solar panel used the study study was 50W.
3.3.5 Battery
Battery is the device use to supply electrical power for the temperature controller, the blower and the LED screen so as to allow the dryer to work efficiently when there is no solar radiation. The battery is 12V and it is been charged using the heat radiated from the sun in the solar panel.
3.3.6 Ash Port
This is where the ashes are collected after combustion takes place in the burning chamber.
3.3.7 Temperature Controller
The PID temperature controller is the panel that is controlling the temperature in the drying chamber to a desired level. It varies from 0 - 1000C.
3.3.8 Centrifugal Fan (Blower)
The blower was used to force the heated air to the drying chamber. It makes use of 12V to power
3.3.9 LED Screen
This is used to display the conditions in the dryer various activities/conditions that takes place in the dryer.
3.3.10 Charge Controller
This regulate the voltage of the battery so that it will not over charge and to avoid damage of the battery.
CHAPTER THREE -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 3 of 7
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTDrying is out of the major problem in post harvest operation. The traditional method of Drying (Sun drying) is weather dependent and unhygienic which affect food storage most especially in developing countries like India where more than 3300 to 3700 hours of bright sunshine per year available in North- West and West coastal region. The dryer consist of the following operating component parts: a cabinet, blower, trays, temperature controller, copper wire and light emitting Diode (LED) s ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Drying rate of turmeric at 500c 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.572kg= 1572g of turmeric after peeling thickness= 3mm 2kg= 2000g of turmeric1.680kg= 168.0g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 3mm : 1572g÷6=310g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric 1.689kg= 1680g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 6mm : 1680 ÷ 6= 280g2kg= 200g of turmeric 1.860kg= 1860g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 9mm : 1860 ÷6= 310g ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX C - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Drying rate of turmeric at 700c 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.710kg= 1710g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 3mm : 1.710 ÷ 6 = 285g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.620kg= 1620g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 6mm : 1620g÷6=270g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric 1.740kg= 1740g of turmeric before peeling Thickness= 9mm: 1740 ÷ 6= 290g ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Drying rate of turmeric at 600c 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.620kg= 1620g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 3mm : 1620 ÷ 6 = 260g 2kg= 2000g of turmeric before peeling 1.560kg= 1560g of turmeric after peeling Thickness= 6mm : 1560g÷6=260g 2kg= 200g of turmeric 1.800kg= 1800g of turmeric before peeling Thickness= 9mm: 1800 ÷ 6= 300g ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable No Table 3.1: Bought out Components for the Production Table 3.2: Cost of Materials for the Production Table 4.1 Drying Rate of Turmeric at 500C When Loaded with 2000g Table 4.2 Drying Rate of Turmeric at 600C When Loaded with 2000g Table 4.3 Drying rate of Turmeric at 700C When Loaded with 2000g Table 4.4 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Table for Sample 3mm, 6mm, and 9mm at Temperature 500C. Table 4.5 Analysis of V ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPlate No Plate 3.1: Charcoal Plate 3.2: Digital Weighing Scale Plate 3.3: Temperature Controller Plate 3.4: Biomass Dryer Plate 3.5: Digital Venier Caliper Plate 4.1: Sliced Tormeric Before Drying ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure No Figure 2.1: The Period of drying Figure 4.1: Effect of Drying Rate of Turmeric at 500C of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm size of Turmeric Figure 4.2: Effect of Drying Rate of Turmeric at 600C of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm size of Turmeric Figure 4.3: Effect of Drying Rate of Turmeric at 700C of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm size of Turmeric ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX D - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSCover Page Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgments Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Aim and Objectives 1.4 Justification 1.5 Scope of the Project CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Drying as an Element of Post Harvest 2.1.1 Types of Losses 2.1.1.1 Moisture Content 2.1.1. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the StudyDrying is the dehydration process used to remove the moisture present in food products by the application of heat. The heat may be supplied either by hot air or from the biomass energy. Drying process is used to preserve the food products for future usage. Drying prevents the growth of bacteria and yeast formation. Drying can be achieved by using open air and biomass dryers. (Atul et al, 2014). Drying has a vital role in post harves ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Dhanushkodi et al (2015) developed a biomass dryer fir small scale cashew kernel drying. The components are heater, blower and drying chamber. Performance characteristics of the biomass dryer including system efficiency has been evaluated experimentally based on drying of 40kg of cashew kernel. The dryer is capable of producing hot air continuously with temperature ranging between 700 C to 750C. The performance analysis showed that the moisture reduction from 9% to 4% was achieved within ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]The initial moisture content of Turmeric after harvest was 43% fresh weight basis. As drying temperature increases, moisture percentage decrease and as drying time increases, moisture content decreases as will.Hence, analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the cutting and drying temperature is significant at 5%. This work is related to the research conducted by Phagu, (2015) who reported that the best drying rate of turmeric is 60oC at 3mm. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions A biomass dryer was modified and tested in the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin. Based on the results obtained from the experiment, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. The temperature considered was 500C, 600C and 700Cat 3mm, 6mm and 9mm respectively. 2. The average weight loss at 500C of 1572g of turmeric was found to be 272.8g, at 600C of 2000g ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCEAggarwal, B.B., Sundaram, C., Malani, N. and Ichikawa, H. (2007). Curcumin: The India Solid Gold. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 595: 1-75.Ajayi C., Orsunil K. S. and Depak D. P. (2009): Design of solar dryer with Turbo ventilator and fireplace. www.solarfood.org/solarfood/--/solarfood.Atul Petal AND Gaurav Petal (2004): “Operation22..al Augmentation of forced circulation type solar Dryer System using CFD Analysisâ€. Int. 10 Journal of Engineering Rese ... Continue reading---
