-
Sustainable Cement Utilization
[Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria] -
-
-
1.3 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVE.
The aim of this research is to study cement utilization within the study area Enugu State Nigeria within the following objectives:
- To assess the sustainability of cement supply with respect to demand.
- To investigate supply emanating from importation as well as production within the country.
- To establish the shortfalls of cement supply from Nigeria cement factory.
- To investigate alternatives to cement utilizations in Enugu State construction industries.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The subject of this study is on sustainable cement in Enugu State construction industry. The study will investigate the existing distribution and the general consumption by the users. The study also looks at the shortfalls of cement supply, its causes and possible remedies as well as alternative to the use of cement in Enugu State. If other locally produced materials can substitute for cement, then the effect of cement utilization on the environment. How this is to be reduced as well as alternative route to producing cement without a harmful effect. There were limitations to information concerning the quantity of cement produced within the country because the dealers only this products in bags and may not be able to tell if it was imported in bulk and then bagged; equally much publication was not made on the same matter. There was no up to date information of production consumption and importation of cement in Nigeria as this comes may be at the end of every two years. The dealers on cement or say the distributors do not have required information on importation.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
The need for sustainability in cement utilization in Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. This study serves as an avenue to research through what others have written or researched on this topic as well as to update it and to make my own contributions. To give room to cement users to look out for alternatives to cement use, how to meet with the increasing demands and also walk on reducing the ill effect on the environment. There are so many local materials that can be used either in cement production or as an alternative to cement it self. Therefore this should open the eyes of the manufactures to see a way of resolving the shortfalls in the industry.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
These are the research questions that form the basis of this study;
- What are the various sources of cement supply within the state?
- What are the short falls in local production?
- What is the quantity of cement brought into Enugu State and the cement sold?
- What are the reasons for the short falls in supply experienced?
- What are the effects of cement utilization on the environment?
- Are there available alternatives to the use of cement in construction in Enugu State?
-
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe research work examined and analyzed Sustainable Cement Utilization in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. The research was carried out between July 2009 and January 2010. Sustainability is the power to use a thing and still keep it going or maintained for the next use. (Oxford Dictionary). The concept of sustainability now transcends environmental sustainability to embrace economic and social sustainability (Plessis 2001). Cement is the key element in the rapidly growing construction sector. ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]QUESTIONNAIRESECTION AQUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE CEMENT DEALERS IN ENUGUPlease tick (√) or indicate in the box against your responses.1. Sex (a) Male [ ](b) Female[ ]2. Marital Status (a) Single [ ](b) Married[ ]3. Age (a) Below 20 [ ](b) 20-39 [ ](c) 40 and above[ ]4. Educational background (a) Primary School[ ] (b) SecondarySchool [ ](c) Tertiary Institution [ ](d) Professional Certificate[ ](e) None of the above[ ]5. How long have you been in this business (a) below 5 ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTABLE 1: Typical Constituent of Portland Cement. Cement Industry Notation under CCNTABLE 2: Test Result of Ikpayongo LateriteTable 3: Gender, marital status and age groupTable 4: Educational back ground and number of years in the business.Table 5: Income level per month and locationTable 6: Getting the product and the form in which they get the product.Table 7: Biggest challenge to the cement producers and the brand of cement commonly usedTable 8: Brand of cement used/soldTable 9: ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPLATE 1: A Pallet with Portland CementPLATE 2: Blue Circle Southern Cement; Works near Berrima, New South Wales, Australia.PLATE 3: Cement plant, Midlothian, TexasPLATE 4: A limestone Prehomogenization pile being built by a boom stackerPLATE 5: A completed limestone pre homogenization pilePLATE 6: Precalciner kilnPLATE 7: Typical clinker nodulesPLATE 8: 10 MW cement mill, producing cement at 270 tonnes per hourPLATE 9: Decorative use of Portland cement panels on London’s Gro ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFIG 1: Schematic explanation of Portland cement productionFIG.2: Chart for Constituent Materials for Low-Cost HousingFIG.3: Coarse AggregateFIG.4: Bamboo and Palm Fibres as Alternatives to Steel Reinforcement ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTCertification………………………………….………………………….……... iTitle page………………………………………………………………..…….. iiAcknowledgement…………………………†... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]White Cement White cement is a Portland cement CEM I made from specially selected raw materials, usually pure chalk and white clay (kaolin) containing very small quantities of iron oxides and manganese oxides. White cement is frequently chosen by architects for use in white, off-white or coloured concretes that will be exposed, inside or outside buildings, to the public's gaze. Masonry Cement: Masonry cements, as their name suggests, are designed for use in masonry mortars for bricklaying, block ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREE 3.1: INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the production used in gathering and generating the data needed for carrying out the research work and the subsequent technique for processing and analyzing collected data. 3.2: SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION The relevant data used for this research emanated from both primary and secondary sources. 3.3: PRIMARY DATA This primary data were generated from questionnaires and oral interview. However the essence of using questionnaires and oral inter ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER FOURDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS4.1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter deals with presentation and analyses of the data obtainedfrom the questionnaires designed for the study as well as oral interview.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS.4.2:1 RESPONDENTS GENDER, MARITAL STATUS AND AGE GROUPTable shows that 82.5% of the cement dealers were males and the remaining 17.5% were females. For the site personnel, 100% of the respondents were males. This shows that males outnumbered females. The table a ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION This study shows that the socio-economic components of sustainable production and utilization is seen to be most challenging. The strongest effect of utilization of cement is transportation and the unfriendly nature of cement production. The above has a serious impact on the environment. The effect of transportation will be reduced if the roads and railways are in healthy condition. And transportation on the other way round has impact on the price of cement ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES Agbede I.O. Joel. M. (2002), Use of Cement – Sand as mixture in Laterite Brick Production for Loaw Cost Housing Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, Markudi Benue State, Nigeria. Ajobo O. Akinola A.A, Tijani A.A Cement Production Externalities and Profitability of crop Enterprise in two Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Annual Abstracts of Statistics (2006) Annual Production (2007) Central Bank Bulletin Barnsaye J.A (2007) Cement Bonded Parti ... Continue reading---
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe research work examined and analyzed Sustainable Cement Utilization in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. The research was carried out between July 2009 and January 2010. Sustainability is the power to use a thing and still keep it going or maintained for the next use. (Oxford Dictionary). The concept of sustainability now transcends environmental sustainability to embrace economic and social sustainability (Plessis 2001). Cement is the key element in the rapidly growing construction sector. ... Continue reading---