Human Motivation And Workers Productivity
[A CASE STUDY OF BETA GLASS PLC UGHELLI, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA]

Figure 1 Taxonomy of (Work) Motivation Theories
Figure 1. Taxonomy of (work) motivation theories. The First group of theories “concern central human needs and motives like basic or higher order needs, human needs for existence, relatedness and growth, motivational and hygienic factors, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation respectively, for a particular aspect of work, such as feedback or autonomy that are suppose to relate to motivation.” The SECOND group of theories deals with “process variables that are posited to determine cognitive choice for action”
The theories includes (values – instrumentality-expectancy (VIE) model or achievement motivation theories). It concerns process of choice for behaviour and emphasizes two determinant of choice: the individual expectation and individual subjective valuation of expected consequences associated with alternative action at work place (Kanter 1994. Kleinbeck et al 1990)
The taxonomy reveals that modern (work) motivation theories are proximal to action as well as typically process oriented. They consist of goals and self regulation as dominant constructs.
2.4    BASIC CONTENT THEORIES
1.    MASLOW HIERACHY OF NEEDS
Maslow hierarchy of needs theory of individual development and motivation published originally in 1943, identified eight different needs: this include the need for transcendence, to know and understand and aesthetic needs. The hierarchy is a pyramid of five needs which implies a thinning out of needs as people progresses up the hierarchy.

    Physiological needs. These includes homeostasis (the body automatic effort to retain normal functioning ) such as satisfaction of hunger and thirst, shelter, sex e.t.c.
    Safety needs: This embrace security and protection from physical and emotional pain
    Social needs: Attention to love and belongingness, acceptance and friendship.
    Esteem needs: This refers to demands, internal indeed to the person such as self respect, autonomy, achievement as well as factors external to the person such as status, recognition and attention.
    Self actualization: This refers to the urge to attain what one is capable of attaining in terms of potential and impact on the world around us. Thus, it is argued that as one need is satisfied by an individual, the next need in the hierarchy attract dominant attention. Therefore, to motivate individual, it is imperative to understand the level at which the individual has his or her unsatisfied needs. Robbins and Judge (2009: 176)