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The Effect Of Partial Replacement Of Conventional Fine Aggregate (sand) With Lateritic Soil In The Production Of Sandcrete Bricks
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2.9 Shear Strength of Lateritic Soil
Shear Strength is
dependent on factor such as the nature of the soil, its structure, bonds
and degree of deformation particularly of stress and fluid pressure in
the pore spaces (gonzale de Vallejo and Ferrer 2011), Millogo et al
2008. Visited the following geotechnical properties of laterites in
Burkina Faso, maximum dry density (MDD) of 21.7 KN/M3 at an optimum
moisture content (OMC) of 6.6% with 43% CBR at 95% of MDD. They meant
further to describe the stress strain curve of the soil, which show a
ductile type of rapture mechanism with well-defined plastic phase. The
sample where described as nearly flexible with its tensile and
compressive strength given as 0.09 and 1.26 Mpa respectively. In
general, compressive strength of soilo fail within the angle of
0.5-1.5Mpa. The above laterite possess excellent engineering
construction works.
It is generally assumed by most authors and
researchers that clay contents, the better the soil for engineering
uses. The assumption should obviously be evaluated in context in the
engineering properties of soil not only depend on the shear strength
characteristics but also in index properties. A careful evaluation must
therefore be made base on the purpose and specific function of the clay
fraction of the soil, for instance in the building industry, some
countries (e.g. south Africa) prefer the use of fine brick as the clay
properties are during firing to improve the durability and strength
parameters. The firing process has however been widely criticized
because of its negative impact on the environment (Wazin et al, 2013).
The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the soil increase with the
addition about 6% which result in more than 100% increase in the UCS of
the soil, other index properties of the soil were also appreciably
improved by the addition of lime
The geotechnical properties of
soil used in construction can therefore be improved significantly by
stabilization. This could be achieved either by physical stabilization
when a more suitable soil is mixed with a less suitable one, mechanical
stabilization in the form of compaction, compression or consolidation
and chemical stabilization in form of addition of lime or cement.
2.9.1 Uses and Economic Relevance of Lateritic Soil
After 1000CE Angkor Ian construction changed from circular or
irregular earthen wall to rectangular temple enclosure of laterite.
Bricks and some structuresgeological survey show areas which have
laterite stone alignment which may be foundation of temple sites that
have survived (Welch, 2010). The Khmer people constructed the angkor
monument which are widely distributed in Cambodia and Thailand between
the 9th and 13th centuries. The stone material used where sandstones and
laterites, brick have been used in monument constructed in 9th and 10th
centuries (Uchinda, et al 2003). Anger heat located in the present day
Cambodia is the largest religion structure buit by Suryavarman U, who
rated Khmer empire from 1112 to 1152. It is a wind hentage site (Waragai
et al, 2006). The sandstone used for the building of anger was is
Mesozoic quarried in the phony kulen mountains the foundation and
internal part of the temple contain laterite block behind the surface
sandstone surface the masonry was laid without mortal (Siedell,2008) .
1.
Water supply bedrock in tropical zone tones is often granite, gneiss,
schist, or sandstone, the thick laterite layer is porous and slightly
permeable so the laterite layer can function as an aquifer in the rural
area (Tardy, 2000). One example is the south western laterite (a book)
aquifer in Srilanka. This aquifer is on the southwest border of
Srilanka, with two narrow shallow aquifer on coastal sands between it
and the ocean. It has considerable water holding capacity, depending on
the depth of the formation
2. Road building the French surface
road in the Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam area with crushed laterite,
stone and gravel (Sari, 2004). Kenya during the mid-1970’s malabud
during the 1980’s constructed trial section of bituminous surface low
volume roads using laterite did not confirm to any accepted
specification but performed equally when compared with adjoining section
of road using stone or other stabilized material as bask
3.
Waste Water treatment in Northern Ireland phosphorous enrichment of
lakes due to agriculture is a significant problem. Locally available
laterite, a low grade bauxite rich in iron and aluminum is used in acid
solution followed by precipitation to remove phosphorous and heavy
metals a several sewage treatment facilities, calcium, iron and
aluminum- rich solid media are recommended for phosphorous removal.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT WILL BE HERE SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction Lateritic soils are formed in hot, wet tropical regions with an annual rainfall between 750 to 300mm, (usually in areas with a significant dry season) on a variety of different types of rock with high iron content. The location on the earth, that characterize these conditions fall between latitude 35oS and 35oN (Person, 1970).Laterisation is the removal of silicon through hydrolysis and oxidation that result in the formation of laterite and lateritic soil ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]ProcedureAbout 200g of soil sample was passed thoroughly with distilled water to form a uniform paste. A portion of the paste was placed in a brass trough bar (linear shrinkage trough device). The surface of sample was leveled and smoothened off to the brass of the trough bar and the trough was then placed in an oven for 24 hours at temperature of about 105°C. The initial length of the trough bar filled with the soil sample was taken. After 24 hours, the trough bar was brought out of the oven ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 15 ]PERCENTAGE OF STABILIZER ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSIONS, REFERENCE AND RECOMMENDATION. 5.1 Conclusion. Tests
have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of lateritic soils
along Asa dam area Ilorin kwara state and its effect on the strength of
sandcrete bricks when used to replace the conventional fine aggregate,
the following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the results:
I. The use of lateritic fine as a partial replacement has a significant influence on the engineering pro ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAdam, E. A. (2001): Compressed Stabilised earth block manufactured in sudan, A. Publication for UNESCO (online) Available from http://unesdoc.unesco.org.Adepegba, D.A. (1975). “Comparative Study of Normal Concrete which contains Laterite Fines instead of Sand†Building Science; 10:135-41.Agbede, I.O. and Manasseh, V. (2008): use of cement sand admixture in lateritic brick production for low cost housing Leonardo electric Journal of practices and technology, 12, pp163-174.Ak ... Continue reading---
