-
The Effect Of Partial Replacement Of Conventional Fine Aggregate (sand) With Lateritic Soil In The Production Of Sandcrete Bricks
CHAPTER THREE -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 4 of 7
-
-
-
3.2.1 Aim: To determine the bulk density of the soil sample
3.2.2 Apparatus Mould, weighing instrument, mixing pan, empty cans
(labeled), oven, soil sample and water.
Procedure;
100g of the soil sample was poured in a mixing pan and little amount of water was added to the soil sample and it was mixed thoroughly. The mould and the empty can (labeled) was weighed respectively. The wet soil sample was put into the mould and it was compacted. Then, the mould with the wet soil sample was weighed. The soil sample in the mould was poured in an empty can (labeled) and it was weighed. This procedure was repeated at least respectively. The wet soil sample was put into the mould and it was compacted. Then, the mould with the wet soil sample was weighed. The soil sample in the mould was poured in an empty can (labeled) and it was weighed.
3.3 Grain Size Analysis
Grain size analysis is used as one of the procedures used in determining the most suitable soil to be used in construction of roads, airfields, dams and others such as embankment construction e.t.c. There are two types of methods, which are mechanical and hydrometer method.
3.3.1 Mechanical Method
Aim: To determine the size of the individual particles of the soil.
Procedure:
100g of dry soil sample was weighed. The soil sample was poured in the mechanical siever, in which the sample passes through different sizes of sieves. Each sieve was weighed with the soil sample retained within them. The weight of each sieve is already known, so the cumulative of soil sample passing through the sieve was calculated.
3.3.2 Hydrometer
Hydrometer is used to measure the change in specific gravity of the soil solution with time and the equivalent diameter is computed from stroke’s law for further grains <0.02m.
The hydrometer method is based on stroke’s equation for the velocity of a freely falling sphere. The hydrometer analysis utilizes the relationships among the velocity of fall of spheres in a fluid, the diameter of the sphere and of the fluid, and the viscosity of the fluid expressed by stroke’s law.
Calculation
V (2s-nJa)(D)2/2
Where,
V = velocity of fall of sphere (cmls)
S specific weight of the sphere (g/cm)
F = specific weight of fluid (g/cm3)
= absolute,or dynamic,viscosity of the fluid (g/cm.s)
Aims: To determine the size of the individual particles of soil sample using hydrometer method.
Apparatus: Sieve, water, soil sample
Procedure:
Exactly 50g of the oven/dried residue that passed through the 0.063mm diameter sieve during the mechanical (sieve) method was mixed with water to form a smooth thin paste. 125m1 of 4% NaPo3 solution (a deflocculent called sodium hexametaphosphate also known as calgon) was added to the paste and the mixture carefully for approximately ten minutes in a graduated one-litre cylinder. The defloculent acts as a dispersing agent to neutralize the charges on the mal1er grains, which often have positive or negative charges. It prevents the formation of soil.
After mixing, enough water was added to bring the level to the 1000cm3 mark. The graduated cylinder with its contents was shaken thoroughly for approximately one minute. The hydrometer was inserted in the suspension and hydrometer reading was taken at total varying time elapsed.
3.4 Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is defined as the rate of the mass of a given wolume of material to the mass of an equal volume of water. In effect, i tells how much the material is heavier (or lighter than water). The particular geotechnical term ‘specific gravity of soil’ actually denotes the specific gravity of the solid matter of the soil relatively to the mass of an equal volume of water. Alternatively, specific gravity of soil [nay be defined as the ratio of the unit mass of soil divided by the io1ume of same solid.
CHAPTER THREE -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 4 of 7
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT WILL BE HERE SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction Lateritic soils are formed in hot, wet tropical regions with an annual rainfall between 750 to 300mm, (usually in areas with a significant dry season) on a variety of different types of rock with high iron content. The location on the earth, that characterize these conditions fall between latitude 35oS and 35oN (Person, 1970).Laterisation is the removal of silicon through hydrolysis and oxidation that result in the formation of laterite and lateritic soil ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]CHAPTER TWO2.0 Literature ReviewLaterite is often used to describe the clinkered siliconized clay material. According to Amu et.al. (2011), it could be described as materials with no reasonable constants properties while Villain Cocinaet et.al. (2003), described it as a red friable clay surface, a very hard homogenous vesicular massive clinker-like material with a framework of red hydrated ferric oxides of vesicular infill of soft aluminum oxides of yellowish color. Villain Cocinaet et.al ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 15 ]PERCENTAGE OF STABILIZER ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSIONS, REFERENCE AND RECOMMENDATION. 5.1 Conclusion. Tests
have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of lateritic soils
along Asa dam area Ilorin kwara state and its effect on the strength of
sandcrete bricks when used to replace the conventional fine aggregate,
the following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the results:
I. The use of lateritic fine as a partial replacement has a significant influence on the engineering pro ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAdam, E. A. (2001): Compressed Stabilised earth block manufactured in sudan, A. Publication for UNESCO (online) Available from http://unesdoc.unesco.org.Adepegba, D.A. (1975). “Comparative Study of Normal Concrete which contains Laterite Fines instead of Sand†Building Science; 10:135-41.Agbede, I.O. and Manasseh, V. (2008): use of cement sand admixture in lateritic brick production for low cost housing Leonardo electric Journal of practices and technology, 12, pp163-174.Ak ... Continue reading---
