-
The Effect Of Admixtures On Properties Of Co`ncrete
[CASE STUDIES OF SUGAR, COW BONE ASH, GROUDNUT SHELL ASH, AND LIME STONE POWDER] -
-
-
3.3 MATERIAL USED
The material used for this experiments are; Ordinary Portland Cement manufactured in Nigeria as Dangote brand with specific gravity of 3.15. Fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate of crushed granite was used. Groundnut shell and Cow bone was sourced from Ilorin metropolis. The ash was obtained by burning both Groundnut shell and Cow bone to a cold temperature in an incinerator and controlling the fire at that temperature for about an hour, the ash was then allowed to cool.
Sugar and Limestone powder (LP) were bought from market (chemical store) along Taiwo road ,Ilorin Kwara state.
3.4 BATCHING OF CONCRETE
The first stage of mixing involves weighing out of materials and the process is called Batching. Batching of materials was done by weight. Density of water, cement, granite and sand are listed below:
MIX DESIGN:- 1:2:4
Relative Density of coarse aggregate = 2.69
Relative Density of cement = 3.15
Relative Density of fine aggregate = 2.60
Water -cement ratio (w/c) = 0.5
Density of water = 1000kg/m3
Density of fine aggregate = 2.60×1000 = 2600kg/m3
Density of cement =3.15×1000 = 3150kg/m3
Density of coarse aggregate = 2.69×1000 =2690kg/m3
1m3 = volume of all material (VT)
Expressing (VT) in term of mass and density, we have
Density =
V =
Thus, 1m3 =C
C =
We use the ratio in term of masses of the material.
i.e Mw=0.5, MC=1, MF.A=2, MC.A=4
0.0005C+0.0003175C+0.0007692C+0.001487C=1m3
0.003074C=1
C =
C = 325.31kg/m3
WEIGHT OF MATERIALS
Weight of cement, C = 325.31kg/m3
W/C = 0.5
Weight of water, W = 0.5×C = 0.5×325.31 = 162.66kg/m3
Weight of fine aggr = 2C = 2×325.31 = 650.62kg/m3
Weight of coarse aggr =4C =4×325.31 = 1301.24kg/m3
Volume of mould / cube =150mm×150mm×150mm
= 0.15m×0.15m×0.15m
= 0.003375m3
Using a shrinkage value of 1.3
Volume × shrinkage value =1.3 × 0.003375 = 0.0043875m3
No. Of mould = 6
Weight of cement for 6 mould = 6× 0.0043875 × 325.31 = 8.56kg
Weight of water for 6 mould = 6 × 0.0043875 × 162.66 = 4.28kg
Weight of fine aggregate for 6 mould = 6 × 0.0043875× 650.62 = 17.13kg
Weight of coarse aggregate for 6 mould = 6 × 0.0043875 × 1301.24 = 34.26kg
-
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The project titled “The effect of admixtures on properties of concrete: case study of sugar, cow bone ash, groundnut shell ash, and lime stone powder†was carried out with the aim of knowing the effect the of the various types of admixtures used on the properties of concrete, in term of the workability of concrete, durability of concrete and the concrete strength. The material used are cow bone ash, groundnut shell ash, sugar and lime stone powder. The cow bone was sou ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 4.1: Data Analysis for Fine Aggregates (Sand) Table 4.2: Data Analysis for Coarse Aggregate (Granite) Table 4.3: Slump Test Result for GSA Concrete Table 4.4: Slump Test Result for CBA Concrete Table 4.5: Slump Test Result for Sugar Concrete Table 4.6: Slump Test Result for LP Concrete Table 4.7: Summary of Slump Test Result for Various Concrete Admixtures Table 4.8: Compressive Strength Test Result of Normal Concrete Table 4.9: Compressive Strength Test ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPlate 3.1: Groundnut Shell and Cow Bone Plate 3.2: Burning of Groundnut Shell and Cow Bone Plate 3.3: Cow bone ash, Groundnut shell ash, Limestone powder and Sugar. Plate 3.4: Batching of Concrete Plate 3.5: Type of Slump Plate 36: Cube Production Plate 3.7: Curing of Cubes Plate 3.8: Crushing Machine ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.1: The graph of sieve analysis for Fine Aggregate (Sand) Figure 4.2: The graph of sieve analysis for Coarse Aggregate (Granite). Figure 4.3: The graph of slump test result for GSA Concrete Figure 4.4: The graph of slump test result for CBA Concrete Figure 4.5: The graph of slump test result for SUGAR Concrete Figure 4.6: The graph of slump test result for LP Concrete Figure 4.7: The graph for summary of slump test result for various Concrete AdmixturesFigure 4.8: Th ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Declaration Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study 1.3 Justification of the Study 1.4 Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO 2.0 literature Review 2.1 Concrete ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0. INTRODUCTION The importance of understanding various types of materials used in Civil Engineering is widely recognized. There has been tremendous increase in the latest research and practical achievement to improve on concrete technology. Free exchange for technical know ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]While inorganic retardants include; oxide of lead and zinc, phosphates, magnesium salt fluorides, soluble zinc, soluble borates etc.3. Air-entrainers: These are probably the most important group of admixtures. They improve durability of concrete; in particular, it’s resistance effect of frost and de-icing salts. The entrainment of air in the form of very small and stable bubbles can be achieved by using framing agents based on natural wood resins, animal or vegetable fat an ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]D10 = 1.686μmm = 0.169mmD30 = 273.6μmm = 0.274mmD60 = 503.75μmm =0.504mmi. The effective grain size; i.e. D10 = 0.169mmii. Uniformity coefficient, Cu = = = 2.98iii. Coefficient of curvature, Cc = = = = 0.88D10 = 7.6mmD30 = 12.8mm D60 = 15.2mmi. The effective grain size; i.e. D10 = 7.6mm ii. Uniformity coefficient, Cu = = = 2.0iii. Coefficient of curvature, Cc = = = =1.42 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION Based on the results of this investigation, the following conclusion is drawn; Admixtures affect properties of concrete like its slump value, density, compressive strength, etc. Admixtures generally decrease the slump value of concrete which in turns decrease the workability of the concrete, since normal concrete(0% concrete) has a slump value of between 55-60mm while concrete with admixture has slump value lesser ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCEAkogu Elijah Abalaka (2011): ‘Effects of Sugar on Physical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement Paste and Concrete.Albadan B.A, M.A Olutoye, M.S Abolarin & M. Zakariya (2005): ‘Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)with Bambara Groundnut Shell Ash (BGSA) in Concrete. Leonard Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies. Issues 6, pp. 43 – 48, January – June 2005. Aribisala, O.J & Bamisaye, A.J (2006): ‘Via ... Continue reading---
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The project titled “The effect of admixtures on properties of concrete: case study of sugar, cow bone ash, groundnut shell ash, and lime stone powder†was carried out with the aim of knowing the effect the of the various types of admixtures used on the properties of concrete, in term of the workability of concrete, durability of concrete and the concrete strength. The material used are cow bone ash, groundnut shell ash, sugar and lime stone powder. The cow bone was sou ... Continue reading---