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Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (pofa) Blended – Granite - Gravel Concrete
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According to the analysis, the independent variable infuencing the compressive strength of the concrete is Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with the highest regression coefficient of 0.26, followed by workabilty with regression coefficient of 0.18 and followed by granite gravel with 0.05 coefficient.
According to the analysis of variance, the effect of POFA and Granite on the compressive strength are not the same. This clearly shown in figure 4.8 – 4.11 that, the effect of granite is higher on compressive strength compared to POFA.
4.4 Optimum Mix Ratio Determination
The optimization analysis was carried out using Central Composite Response Surface method (Design Expert). The analysis shows that, at 29.69% POFA and 98.75% Granite, compressive strength of 24.29 N/mm2 and slump height of 89.36mm was obtained. The optimum strength found is slightly higher than the maximum strength achieved (24.27N/mm2) at 90 days and also, slightly lower than the control (25.33 N/mm2).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTUtilizing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) in concrete mix is a major way of turning waste to wealth. Gravel as an aggregate is cheaper than granite. Thus, obtaining an optimum combination of these materials in achieving a maximum compressive strength in concrete will go a long way in helping the construction industry.The study was carried out to establish an optimum replacement ratio for Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) blended granite-gravel of concrete. Uniform water/binder (w/b) ratio of 0.5 and mix ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 2. 1: Chemical composition range of OPC and POFA Table 2. 2: Chemical composition analysis in POFA Table 2. 3: Compressive strength of concrete with various percentages of POFA Table 2. 4: Tensile strength of concrete by the addition of various % of POFA Table 3. 1: Concrete mix design based on design expert Table 4. 1: Oxides composition of POFA Table 4. 2: Fine sand grain size distributions from sieve analysis Table 4. 3: Granite size distributions from sieve analysis T ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2. 1: Strength versus UPV Figure 2. 2: Compressive strength versus POFA replacement percentage Figure 2. 3: Strength activity index of POFA mortar Figure 2. 4: Relationship between UPV and replacement percentage Figure 2. 5: Slump flow against POFA percentage Figure 2. 6: Relationship between porosity and POFA content Figure 2. 7: Relationship between strength and porosity of 80% content of POFA mortar Figure 2. 8: relationship between permeability and replaceme ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSCERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Scope 1.4 Justification 1.5 Statement of Problem 1.6 Aim 1.7 Objectives CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Properties of concrete with POFA 2.1.1 Physical properties 2.1.2 Chemical Properties of POFA 2.1.3 Mechanical properties of POFA 2.2 Compressive St ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the study Concrete is regarded as the primary and widely used construction ingredient around the world in which cement is the key material. However, large scale cement production contributes greenhouse gases both directly through the production of CO2 during manufacturing and also through the consumption of energy (combustion of fossil fuels). Moved by the economic and ecological concerns of cement, researchers have focused on finding a subs ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]However, POFA contribute to its long-term strength due to the continuous pozzolanic reaction because of the fine particle size, the greater glassy phase of SiO2 and the reduced composition of carbon (Zeyad et al., 2012). This is also proved by Altwair et al. (2011) using the strength activity index which is the ratio of the strength of SCM-cement mortar to cement mortar at specific curing time. 2.3 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) of Concrete with Replaced POFA According to Kanadasan & ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Where W1 = Weight of empty flask W2 = Weight of empty flask + Cement W3 = Weight of empty flask+ Cement + Kerosene W4 = Weight of empty flask+ Kerosene 0.79 = Specific Gravity of Kerosene3.2.3 Aggregate Specific Gravity Determination The test was based on ASTM D 854-00 (2000) – Standard Test for Specific Gravity of Aggregate by Water Pycnometer. The experimental procedure is as follows:Determined and recorded the we ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] CHAPTER FIVECONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Conclusion The study determined the compressive strength of granite-gravel concrete at varying replacement of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) at different curing ages. Also, established an optimum replacement of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) blended granite-gravel. Therefore, the following conclusions were drawn:1. The increase in granite volume led to increase in compressive strength. However, increase in POFA percentage led to decrea ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAltwair, N.M., Johari, M.A.M. and Hashim, S.F.S., 2013. Influence of treated palm oil fuel ash on compressive properties and chloride resistance of engineered cementitious composites. Materials and Structures, 47(4), pp.667–682. Aprianti, E., Shafigh, P., Bahri, S. and Farahani, J.N., (2015). Supplementary cementitious materials origin from agricultural wastes - A review. Construction and Building Materials, 74, pp.176–187. Asrah, H., Mirasa, ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTUtilizing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) in concrete mix is a major way of turning waste to wealth. Gravel as an aggregate is cheaper than granite. Thus, obtaining an optimum combination of these materials in achieving a maximum compressive strength in concrete will go a long way in helping the construction industry.The study was carried out to establish an optimum replacement ratio for Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) blended granite-gravel of concrete. Uniform water/binder (w/b) ratio of 0.5 and mix ... Continue reading---