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Bamboo Leaf Ash As A Partial Replacement Of Cement In Concrete
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(i) Compressive strength
Compressive strength of concrete is its indexing property as concrete has its maximum strength against compression. In reinforced concrete structures, concrete is mainly used to resist the compression
Concrete is classified into different grade on the basis of its 28 days compressive strength requirement forms the basic and main background for designing the concrete mixes (mohd – Hisbany, 2005).
(ii) Tensile Strength
The tensile strength of the concrete is much lower than the compressive strength, largely because of the ease with which cracks can propagate under tensile loads. The tensile strength of concrete is measured in two ways: direct tension, flexural tension (Mohd – Hisbany, 2005).
(iii) Bond Strength
The strength of bond between steel reinforcement and concrete is called as bond strength of concrete. Bond strength develops primarily due to friction and adhesion between steel reinforcement and concrete. In general, bond strength is approximately proportional to the compressive strength of concrete up to 20 KN (300PSI). For higher compressive strength of concrete, the increase in bond strength becomes progressively smaller and eventually negligible (Mohd – Hisbany, 2005).
(iv) Impact strength
Impact strength of concrete is of importance in driving concrete piles in foundations for machines exerting impulsive loading and also when accidental impact is possible, e.g. when handling precast concrete member. There is no unique relation between impact strength and other strengths of concrete. However, some researchers have found that impact is related to the compressive strength, and it has been suggested that the impact strength varies from 0.50 to 0.75 of the compressive cube strength (Mohd – Hisbany, 2005). Shear strength of concrete is taken approximately equal to 20% its compressive strength (Mohd – Hisbany, 2005).
(v) Fatigue Strength
The fatigue strength of concrete against cyclic or repeated loading is called fatigue strength (Mohd – Hisbany 2005).
2.4 FACTORS AFFECTING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
The following factors affect the strength of concrete, namely;
(i) Water cement ratio and degree of compaction:
Since concrete is a brittle materials, its porosity primarily governs its strength. The porosity of concrete is affected by the gel – space ratio in concrete. The gel – space ratio is the ratio of the solid products of hydration to the space available for these hydration products. A higher gel –space ratio reduces the porosity and therefore increases the strength of concrete. A higher water cement ratio decreases the gel – space ratio increase the porosity thereby decreasing the strength of concrete.
(ii) Age
With an increase in age, the degree of hydration generally increases the gel – space ratio so that strength increases. Increase in the strength of concrete at the water cement ratio in early age from 1 to 28 days. Ogundipe (2014)
(iii) Combined effect of age and temperature of hydration
So the gain in strength of concrete is also jointly affected by these two factors. The concept of “maturity†is used to explain the combine effects of age and temperature on the strength of concrete. Oyekan (2007)
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTConcrete is a major construction material, which is usually made by mixing cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate and sometimes admixtures in their right proportions. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this bamboo leaf Ash is used as parti ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLETABLE 3.1 COMPOSITION OF CONSTITUTENT material for BLAsh concrete at 0%,5%,10%,15% and 20% case Table 4.1 The particle size distribution of sharp sand Table 4.2 The Particle Size Distribution of Granite Table 4.3 The Slump Value of The Fresh Concrete Table 4.4 the Density of the Hardened Concrete after 7 Days of Curing Table 4.5 the Density of the Hardened Concrete after 14 Days of Curing Table 4.6 The Density of the Har ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATES Plate: 3.1 Bamboo Leaf in it Natural Habitat Plate:3.2 Burning of Bamboo Leaf (BLAsh) Plate 3.3 Sieve Analysis Test on BLAsh Plate 3.4 Mixing of Bamboo Leaf Ash with Varying % of Cement, Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate Plate: 3.5 Casting of Concrete Cubes with BLAsh Replacements Plate 3.6 Curing of Concrete Cubes Plate 3.7 Compressive Strength Test on the Concrete Cubes Plate 3.8 Slump of Test of BLAsh Concrete ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 4.1 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Sharp Sand Figure 4.2 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Granite Figure 4.3 Effects of BLAsh Replacement on Concrete with respect to Days Curing ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Table of contentsContents Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Table of contents List of Tables List of Plates List of figure Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Aim and objectives 1.3 Justification of the study 1.4 Scope and limitation of the work 1.5 Methodology CHAPTER TWO2.0 Revie ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite element consisting of aggregates enclosed in a matrix of cement paste including possible pozzolanic, has two major components-cement paste and aggregates. As a construction material, concrete can be in almost any shape desired, and once hardened, can become a structural (load bearing) element. The strength of concrete depends upon the strength of these components, their deformation properties, and the adhesion between the paste and aggr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 15 ]From the grading curve;WhereThe effective size at 10% percent passing through = D10The effective size at 30% percentage passing = D30The effective size at 60% percentage passing = D60Therefore, D10=0.25um; D30=0.840um, and D60=0.8umCoefficient of uniformity (Cu) = D_60/D_10 = 0.8/0.25 =3.2Coefficient of curvature, Cc = ((D_30)2)/(D_10 x D_60 )=0.5402/0.25x0.8=1.46REMARK: based on the result, the F.M of the sand is 3.1.i.e. coarse sand, coefficient of uniformity is 3.2 and coefficient of curvat ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]iii. Density of the concrete after 21 days of curing. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 CONCLUSIONBased on the experimental investigations carried out and results obtained, it is therefore concluded that;• The suitability of using bamboo leaf ash BLA as supplementary cementatious material has been explored.• The compressive strength or ability of fresh bamboo leaf ash content measured by the slump test reduces as the bamboo leaf ash content increases. It is therefore noticed, that bamboo leaf ash c ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbdullahi, M. (2005); Characteristics of Wood ASH/OPC Concrete, Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria (accessed online).Arowolo S.G. (2013); The Study of Compressive Strength on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Bamboo leaf Ash, Final Year Project, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin.Bloem, B.L. (1959); Preliminary Tests of Effect of Sugar on Strength of Mortar, National Ready Mixed Concrete ... Continue reading---
