Route Survey Of Road And Pavement Design (rehabilitation/modernization)
[CASE STUDY OF ROAD LINKING FEDERAL SECRETARIAT INDUSTRIAL CENTRE AND MASS COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT]

1.4 ADVANTAGES OF A ROAD TRANSPORTATION

Road is pre-requisite to speed and speed is essential or progress .it is different enumerate all the advantages of roads.

Main advantages of roads 

1. Road  facilitate the movement of men and materials from one place to another.

2. Educational contact can be maintained, with the help of good roads

3. Resources of an area are easily tapped and o\improved with the help pf goal network of roads

4. The are essential for the economic prosperity and general development.

5. Road provides a key element of the infrastructure whose function growth usually condensates in areas where transport fatalities are good.

1.5 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

Reconnaissance survey gives an insight on the nature of work required. It is a rapid examination  of the ground and its adjacent natural features so as to obtain maximum information on the physical condition of the site. it is usually done without instrument to limit the alternative route in terms of constant energy.

1.5.1  CHAIN SURVEY CLINEAR MEASUREMENT

This method employs the use of tape-band for measurement. Linear measurement and it largely depends on the required accuracy. High accuracy may not be achieved.

1.5.2 STATION MARKING

REASONS FOR STATION MARKING

1. To avoid human traffic interference

2. Easy location traffic points for quick survey

3. The point were fixed on a firmly permanent way so that they can be available for letter use, nails were driven to bottle corks which was used to identify chainages.

1.5.2.1 FACTORS INFLUENCING STATION MARKING

1. Easy measuring condition, station were chosen to avoid obstacle during chainage or taping exercise.

2. For leveling, main station were chosen to avoid obstruction to sighting inter-section were chosen with station where there were marked gradient.

3. for traversing, station at close distance should be avoided. This also as to avoid angular error hat would be introduced due to target at short range not being properly bisected.

1.5.3  Route survey

Reconnaissance:  In highway  survey alignment locating the engineer normally gives a starting station and requires to suggest the most economical route. There are number  of possible route which maybe considered to pass through these obligation point

Reconnaissance survey is therefore a rapid examination of the ground and its adjacent natural features made usually without survey instrument to limit the alternate route in item of most to one of trop. The following factors are normally considered in reconnaissance survey :

1. Over all cartage of goals

2. Nearness of road material quarries

3. Traffic condition

4. soil condition

5. Right of way

6. Riling gradient

7. Type of  road surface, some roads, sub-grade material require adequate blanketing or water proofing in the face of adverse weather  condition.

8. Number of major and minor bridge

9. Approximate length and cost per km

10. Curvature along the alignment.

1.5.4 PRELIMINARY LOCATION SURVEY

The purpose of this survey is to eliminate all but one alignment for the proposal. This is done with the help of a plane table, compass chain or steel ape, rough levels are also taken at difference point to an idea of the cuts and fill. All factors considered in preliminary survey are put into work with more detailed accurately.