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The Effect Of Sodium Sulphate Contamination On Engineering Properties Of Lateritic Soil
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
For any soil to be utilized for civil engineering work, there is need for its investigation to enable the Engineers to use the soil economically, to predict their engineering properties and performance under field conditions with a fairly good degree of accuracy.
Some experimental investigation, have been done in the department of civil Engineering, Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin and at the national level which are related to the effect of sodium sulphate contamination on Engineering properties of lateritic soil
The first work was that of T. Matthew, 1999 who carried out a research work on “the effect of oil contamination on laterites†being a final year project in the Department of civil Engineering, University of Benin. He concluded that oil contamination on soil has adverse effect on the Engineering properties of soil.
The second work was that of S. Mumen, 2009 of the Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ede where he carried out a research work on “the effect of oil on properties of lateritic soil†and concluded that oil and oil spillage should be avoided from lateritic soil because of its effect on soil engineering properties.
The third work was that of a journal presented by A. Akinola and M. Olatunji, 2010 of the university of Ibadan and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology respectively on “the effect of copper suiphate contamination on engineering properties of tropical soil†They concluded that the presence of copper sulphate on highway foundation material make them unsuitable for highway construction or can make them cause pavement failure in existing roads.
The fourth work was that of A..O Oladapo, 2013 of the Department of Civil Engineering, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin who carried out a research work on “the effects of copper sulphate contamination on engineering properties of lateritic soil†and concluded that copper sulphates contamination should be avoided through proper environmental impact assessment for the road under construction and existing highways.
2.1 ORIGIN OF LATERITES
The soil named “laterites†was first discovered at Angadipuran, Kerala, in India which was first described and discussed by Dr. Buchanan¬ Hamitton in 1807. He named it laterite from the Latin word letter, which means a brick; this rock can easily be cut into bricks shaped blocks for building. The world laterites has been used for variably cemented, sesquioxide (Rich soil horizons).
A sequioxide is an oxide with three atoms of oxygen and two metal atoms. It has also been used for any reddish soil at or near the Earth’s surface. He further profound its study that laterites covers are the thick in the stable areas of the western Ethiopian shield, on cartons of the south American plates, and on the Austricalian shed.
Historically, laterite was cut into bricks-like shapes and sued in monument building. After construction at Angkor and other south east Asian changed to rectangular temple enclosures made of laterite brick and stone since the mid 1970s till 1990s (David, 2012).
In geothetic Engineering, laterites are source of aluminum ore; gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore, which resemble the composition of bauxite. Thus, in Northern Ireland, they once provided the major source of iron and aluminium ores, laterite ores and also as the
early major source of nickel (Hunter, 1991).
2.1.1 DEFINITION OF LATERITE
Laterite is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in iron and aluminum and developed by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the under laying parent rock. Nearly, all kinds of rock can deeply decomposed by the action of high rainfall and elevated temperatures. The percolating rain water causes dissolution of primary rock mineral and decreases easily soluble element such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and silicon (Schell man, 2007).
Predominantly, iron and aluminum laterite consist mainly of the mineral kaolite, goethite, hematite gibbsite which form in the cause of weathering. Moreover many laterite contain quarts as relatively stable elic mineral from the parent rock. The iron oxide goethite and hematite cause the red brown color of laterites iron oxide (Khmer, 1984).
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 6]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONSoil is the cheapest and the most widely used material in civil engineering project as foundation material either in its natural or improved form. It is highly heterogeneous and an isotopic in nature and existing with different engineering properties which can be influenced to some extend by the presence of sodium salts under the influences of water (Olawale, 2013). ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]PROCEDURES• Liquid limit: A sample weighing 200g from the material passing the 300um BS test sieve was taken.• The sample was placed on flat glass plate and mix thoroughly with distilled water using the palette knife unit the mass becomes a thick homogonous paste.• The paste was allowed to stand in air tight container for about 24hours to allow the water permeate throughout the soil mass.• Curing was applied to where applicable and remix for about ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]CHAPTER FOURRESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION4.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONThe result of the particle size distribution “sieve analysis†of the sample is analyzed and presented in the table and figure below. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.1 CONCLUSION From the investigations carried out on this work, the following conclusions are made: The laterite sample is classified as Sand Gravel soil according to AASHTO classification system and it is a good sub grade and sub-base material for Civil Engineering construction.The liquid test for unstabilized laterite is 60.31% and for the stabilized of 20% is 50.16,30 % is 46.9% and for 40% is 45.05 and plastic limits test for unstabilized laterite is 36.62% and ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbabio, O.Y. (1996), New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary School (2nd edition), Longman publisher, Erands, LondonAbraham, J. (1992), “Introduction to Soil Mechanics†(3rd edition), Macmillan INC, New York.Agbede, O. and osunmolale O. (1997), “All AboutSulphate Salt†Retrieved 2009-10-31â€. From www.ifgworld.org. Agbede, O. and Osunolale O. (2003), “Effect of Ph Contamination on Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soilâ€. Final Year Project i ... Continue reading---
