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The Effect Of Sodium Sulphate Contamination On Engineering Properties Of Lateritic Soil
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2.2.4 SHEAR STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC OF LATERITIC SOILS
The main objective of shear strength test in soil engineering are generally to determine the strength parameters (that is, the cohesion and angle of internal friction) in term of total or effective stresses under known test condition. Its determination directly or indirectly enters into virtually of every soil engineering problems.
The cohesions attributable to the resultant of inter-particle forces which are mainly associated with the clay-size particles of soils and will vary with the particles size and the distance separating them. Some of the inter particle force which are believed to contributed to soil cohesion includes;
• Valency forces association with surfaces.
• Ionic forces and moment associated with polar materials.
• Dipole forces and moments associated with polar materials.
• Molecular attraction or Vander Waal’s forces.
The shear strength characteristics of lateritic soils have been to depend significantly on the parent material and the degree of weathering decomposition, laterization and desiccation degree which depend on the structure of the soil sample (olawole, 2013).
The higher the degree of occurrence of laterization the more favourable are the shear strength parameters (Davidson, 1960).
2.3 GENERAL USE OF LATERITES
Laterites are widely use for different purpose. In agricultures, it is used for construction of reservoir, fishponds and so on, but not suitable for farming because of lack of potash and phosphate in the soil. Laterites have various engineering uses which are:
 They are used in building of fortress for defensive purpose.
 They are used on days of paddling, for making tiles and as mortal in rough work.
 Kankar, is mineral component of laterites has filled an important part as cement in many engineering work in India.
 Where the iron concretion has been worked out by rains or by artificial treatment (often in the form of small like pallets) they serve as iron ore in parts of India and Africa.
 Laterite soil has also been successfully used in the construction of slopes, embankments, foundation, base and sub-base in road construction, reinforced retailing walls, engineering bricks and dams in both tropical and sub-tropical regions.
2.4 SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT
Sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (vi) is prepared in the laboratory by neutralization of dilute sodium hydroxide, (NaOH).
Reaction
H2SO4aq + 2NaOHaq → NaSO4aq + 2H2O1
Sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (vi), from experience has shown that it is used as laxatine (medicine) which makes it easier to pass waste out from the body. It is also called miraculous salt due to its usefulness.
Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) salt (NaSO4) is called different names depending on weather it is in anhydrous or hydrated form. anhydrous sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) (NaSO4) is known as salt cake while hydrated sodium tetraoxosulphate, Na2SO4.10H20, is known as Glauber’s salt.
The decahydrated form is efflorescent as such slowly losses it water of crystallization when exposed to the atmosphere (Ojokuku, 2011).
2.4.1 PREPARATION AND OCCURRENCE OF NaSO4
Sodium sulphate is produced undustrially by heating sodium chloride (NaCl) and concentrated tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid (H2SO4) at a high temperature. The process involves the formation of sodium hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (vi); NaHSO4 as an intermediate product with the evolution of hydrogen chloride gas, HCl.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONSoil is the cheapest and the most widely used material in civil engineering project as foundation material either in its natural or improved form. It is highly heterogeneous and an isotopic in nature and existing with different engineering properties which can be influenced to some extend by the presence of sodium salts under the influences of water (Olawale, 2013). ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]PROCEDURES• Liquid limit: A sample weighing 200g from the material passing the 300um BS test sieve was taken.• The sample was placed on flat glass plate and mix thoroughly with distilled water using the palette knife unit the mass becomes a thick homogonous paste.• The paste was allowed to stand in air tight container for about 24hours to allow the water permeate throughout the soil mass.• Curing was applied to where applicable and remix for about ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]CHAPTER FOURRESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION4.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONThe result of the particle size distribution “sieve analysis†of the sample is analyzed and presented in the table and figure below. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.1 CONCLUSION From the investigations carried out on this work, the following conclusions are made: The laterite sample is classified as Sand Gravel soil according to AASHTO classification system and it is a good sub grade and sub-base material for Civil Engineering construction.The liquid test for unstabilized laterite is 60.31% and for the stabilized of 20% is 50.16,30 % is 46.9% and for 40% is 45.05 and plastic limits test for unstabilized laterite is 36.62% and ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbabio, O.Y. (1996), New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary School (2nd edition), Longman publisher, Erands, LondonAbraham, J. (1992), “Introduction to Soil Mechanics†(3rd edition), Macmillan INC, New York.Agbede, O. and osunmolale O. (1997), “All AboutSulphate Salt†Retrieved 2009-10-31â€. From www.ifgworld.org. Agbede, O. and Osunolale O. (2003), “Effect of Ph Contamination on Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soilâ€. Final Year Project i ... Continue reading---
