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The Effect Of Sodium Sulphate Contamination On Engineering Properties Of Lateritic Soil
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Reaction
Nacl(s) +H2SO4aq → NaHSO4aq + HCl1
Then, the sodium hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (vi) react with more sodium chloride to form the sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi)
NaHSO4aq + NaClaq → Na2SO4aq + HClg (Michigan, 1990)
2.4.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT
Sodium sulphate (NaSO4) displays a moderate tendency to form double salts which is the only alum formed with common trivated metal which unstable above 39 (degree)C and NaCrSO4 (Soskatchewan,1990).
In contrast to potassium sulphate and ammonium sulphate which form many stable alum (ii) double salts with some other alkaline metals sulphates incuding NaSO4. (Halliburton, 1970).
It occurs naturally as the mineral glasserite and formation of glascerite by reaction of sodium sulphate with potassium chloride which has been used as the basis of method for producing potassium chloride, fertilizer and other double salts (Soskachewon, 1990).
Sodium sulphates (NaSO4) react with sulphate acid to give or produce acid salt (sodium bisulphate) used for gold recovery with little concern for adverse reaction or health effects (Bangalore, 2010).
2.4.3 USES OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT
• Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) salt is used as a purgative (Hawskins, 1998).
• Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) is also used as lavative (medicine) (Ramesh, 1993)
• It is used in the manufacturing of glass (Shridaran,1993).
• Sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (vi) is used as a dehydrating agent (Soskachewan, 1990).
• Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) is used in manufacture of detergents (Hunter, 1990).
• Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) is also used in production of sodium sulhide (danmark, 1970).
2.4.4 TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT
• Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) salt causes the occurrence of apthous ulcers commonly reffered to in some countries as canker or sores or white sores which normally affects patients recently used toothpaste containing sodium sulphate ingredient (Kem, 1990).
• Sodium sulphate (NaSO4) causes skin and eye irritation with prolonged and constant exposure of it more than an hour to young and adult (Sherwood,1992).
• Sodium sulphate worsen skin problem in individuals with chronic skin hypersentivity when exposed to skin (Ramesh, 1995).
2.5 SOIL STABILIZATION
Soil stabilization is the process of treating natural soil in such a manner as to maintain alter or improve the performance of the soil stabilization material. It could be done in site or after the soil has been removed and placed in the pavement or embankment. The changes in the soil properties are brought about either by incorporation of additives or by mechanical blending of different soil types.
The availability of good cheap supplies of aggregates is limited and as such greater attention is been paid to the materials such as stabilized soils to meet road construction needs.
2.5.1 OBJECTIVES OF SOIL STABILIZATION
• To improve the strength of sub bases, bases and in the case of low cost roads, surface course.
• To bring about economy in the cost of a road.
• To make use of locally available soils and other materials which are otherwise inferior.
• To eliminate or improve certain undesirable properties of soils such as excessive swelling or shrinkage, high plasticity, difficulty in compaction e.t.c
• To reduce frost susceptibility.
• To increase the load bearing capacity.
• To reduce compressibility and thereby settlement.
• To improve permeability characteristics.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONSoil is the cheapest and the most widely used material in civil engineering project as foundation material either in its natural or improved form. It is highly heterogeneous and an isotopic in nature and existing with different engineering properties which can be influenced to some extend by the presence of sodium salts under the influences of water (Olawale, 2013). ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]PROCEDURES• Liquid limit: A sample weighing 200g from the material passing the 300um BS test sieve was taken.• The sample was placed on flat glass plate and mix thoroughly with distilled water using the palette knife unit the mass becomes a thick homogonous paste.• The paste was allowed to stand in air tight container for about 24hours to allow the water permeate throughout the soil mass.• Curing was applied to where applicable and remix for about ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]CHAPTER FOURRESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION4.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONThe result of the particle size distribution “sieve analysis†of the sample is analyzed and presented in the table and figure below. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.1 CONCLUSION From the investigations carried out on this work, the following conclusions are made: The laterite sample is classified as Sand Gravel soil according to AASHTO classification system and it is a good sub grade and sub-base material for Civil Engineering construction.The liquid test for unstabilized laterite is 60.31% and for the stabilized of 20% is 50.16,30 % is 46.9% and for 40% is 45.05 and plastic limits test for unstabilized laterite is 36.62% and ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbabio, O.Y. (1996), New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary School (2nd edition), Longman publisher, Erands, LondonAbraham, J. (1992), “Introduction to Soil Mechanics†(3rd edition), Macmillan INC, New York.Agbede, O. and osunmolale O. (1997), “All AboutSulphate Salt†Retrieved 2009-10-31â€. From www.ifgworld.org. Agbede, O. and Osunolale O. (2003), “Effect of Ph Contamination on Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soilâ€. Final Year Project i ... Continue reading---
