-
Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 14]
Page 10 of 14
-
-
-
Indicated prevention: Indicated prevention aims to identify individuals who are exhibiting indicators that are highly correlated with an individual risk of developing substance abuse later in their life (such as psychiatric disorder, school failure, dissocial behavior etc) or additionally early signs of problematic substance use (but not clinical criteria for dependence) and to target them with special interventions. Identifiers for increased individual risk can be falling grades conduct disorder and alienation from parents, school and positive peers group. The aim of indicated prevention is neither necessarily to prevent the initiation of use nor the use of substance but to prevent the (fast) development of a dependence to diminish the frequency and to prevent “dangerous†substance use (e.g moderate instead of binge drinking).
In practice, universal prevention activities in all member states do address licit and illicit drugs together, whereas prevention interventions that focus exclusively on illegal drugs are very rare. The main objective in prevention is usually preventing or delaying the initiation with legal drugs, because their early or intense use is the most important risk factor for initiation and problems with illicit drugs later. Tobacco and alcohol use depend strongly or culture and norms acceptance of use and availability of these substance. In view of this, environmental approaches are prevention measures that operate on the level of these social, formal and cultural norms about alcohol, tobacco and also cannabis. While universal prevention intervenes on population level, selective prevent at (vulnerable) group level and indicated on individual level, environmental approaches work on societal level, mostly by shaping attitudes, normally perception and values regarding legal drug consumption (EMDDA, 2011). Drug prevention education includes:
• Providing relevant knowledge and information.
• Addressing issues such as peer influence, normative beliefs and brain development.
• Developing life skills and /or protective factors and risk factors.
• Considering influence such as media.
• Building the personal and social confidence and competence of young people to weigh up and make appropriate and locality choice and decisions.
Parental Roles in Drug Abuse Prevention
According to Hughes and Carolyn (2011), significantly less than half of the world population is involved in serious drug related crime. On the other hand, many of us use legal drugs such as alcohol, caffeine and nicotine in ways that endanger our lives and the life of others. However, if drugs abuse contributes to the nation’s street crime, solving the problem contribute to reducing the crime rate, therefore, it is ideal for parents with school age children not to wait until they see evidence of addiction but to prepare youths to face decisions which they will almost inevitably have to make regarding drug use. Parents should thus, according to Melgosa, (2005):
Talk to their children about the problem of drugs from early childhood. Before someone offers them some substances, children must be informed. Sometimes school educates them on this but conversation with parents is even more effective. Talk to them about what the drug produces in the brain and in other organs. Explain to them the addictive power of all drugs. Warns them that there are drugs (such as tobacco, alcohol or tranquilizers) which are legal but are still dangerous. Nevertheless, do not exaggerate with horrendous or incredible stones. The great danger of drug is precisely that they appear to be harmless. Therefore, if their possible effects are exaggerated, it will take credibility away from the rest of the statement, however true they may be.
Devote time and attention to their children: This is perhaps the best and cheapest method to prevent drug taking and many other problems. Talk regularly to their sons and daughters. Perhaps they do not want to chart now, they will later. Parents should encourage the family ties, so that when they are tempted to use drugs, the family wins.
Preach by example: If a parent smokes, drink or take other drugs, he/she is taking credibility away from any warning giving to the children. And this should not be limited to giving example with regards to substance, harmony in the home is fundamental. Situation of family crisis have influenced many adolescents in drug use (Merki, 1996).
Change their discipline techniques: When children start adolescence period, it is natural for child to live childhood behind and be an adult thus, parents should not be surprised that their children are not the same as they were. The parents should therefore, be less authoritarian and listen more. From this friendly relationship, it is much easier and more productive to make suggestion.
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 14]
Page 10 of 14
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
