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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
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Nigeria’s legislation on drug control revolves around the united Nation International Convention on Drug as well as specific responses to local problems. Notable international instrument that shaped Nigeria’s responses include:
The International Opium Convention, 1912.
The First Geneva Convention, 1931.
The Convention for the Suppression of Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drug, 1936.
The Single Convention of Psychotropic Substance, 1971.
The Protocol Amending The Single Convention On Narcotic Drug, 1972.
The UN Convention Against Trans-National Organized Crime And Its Three Protocols, 2000 (National Drug Control Master Plan, 2008-2011).
Also the following specific national legislation shaped Nigeria’s subsequent approach to drug control:
The Dangerous Drug Ordinance of, 1935.
The Indian Hemp Decree No 19 of, 1966.
The Indian Hemp (amendment) Decree No 34 of, 1975.
The India Hemp (amendment) Decree, 1984.
The Special Tribunal (miscellaneous Offences) Decree of 1984 NDLEA decree 48, 1989 (Cap N30 LFN 2004)
The NDLEA (Amendment) decree No 15 of 1992 (National Drug Control Master Plan, 2008-2011).
Until the advent of these agencies, the board of customs and excise (now Nigeria Custom Service) and the Nigeria police were the major drug interdiction organs of government, while the Federal Welfare Department was charged with counselling, treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependent persons. From the activities of these agencies over the years, it is evident that government is right in establishing the bodies that have become the reference points and the leading light in global efforts against drug cultivation, trafficking and abuse.
In an effort to attain a drug free society, there exists a non-governmental international organization in Nigeria called Narconon Nigeria. Narconon organizes non-profit drug rehabilitation program dedicated to eliminating drug abuse and drug addiction through drug rehabilitation, drug information and drug education. The organization has over 100 drug rehabilitation centers and drug prevention/education centers around the world and has helped millions of people. The Narconon drug prevention and education curriculum makes the assumption that young people can understand that drug could not solve their problem and learn how to make educated decision about drug use. In thousands of delivering to hundreds of thousands of students, it has been proved that they can with the understanding of the risk of drug abuse more often make their own decisions to abstain (Narconon Drug Information Department, 2013). That decision, coming from their heart is stronger than any advice or counsel that come from outside.
Roles of Counsellors in Drug Abuse Prevention, Management and Treatment
Substance abuse is on the increase among youths as many of them battle with drug effects. This results in increased numbers of adolescents entering treatment for substance abuse with greater social and emotional developmental deficit (Fisher & Harrison, 2000). With the increase in their involvement in drug abuse, most youngsters are still not ready for change which makes them avoid assistance render by the experts or the adults around them. Church (1994) stated that “because of their desire for autonomy, adolescents may be very sensitive to situations where they believe others are asserting their power of authority.†In this regard, counsellor must understand a clear conceptual adolescence and developmental theory in order to establish and maintain a therapeutic relationship.
It is possible that a counsellor will encounter a client with drug abuse related problem. However, little or no training is received on drug abuse during the graduate programme. Lenhardt (1994) noted that in the field of counsellor education, few programmes offer course work in the specific area of substance abuse. But there is need for a counsellor to possess knowledge on drug abuse prevention and to be able to help those who are already victims. The following tasks therefore suggested according to the system approach:
• Identify the possible warning signs of student substance abuse.
• Work with the young person to establish a therapeutic relationship.
• Support the family system to promote change.
• Be a resource and liaison between the student, the family, the school, and community agencies and treatment programmes.
• Follow-up services.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
