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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
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Distilled Beverages: These are wines and beers subjected to other processes to increase their alcohol content by heating them to the boiling point and evaporate and then collected into a reservoir when it turn black into liquid form, the end product is distilled spirit (Moronkola, 1996). Whiskey, gin and brandy are distilled spirits. The alcohol content of distilled beverages ranges between 40% and 50% volume. Local Alcohol beverages in Nigeria are:
• Local Gin- Ogogoro, kiakia, Akparin ( get from distilled palm wine);
• Oguro (got from raffia palm);
• Burukutu (from guinea corn);
• Palmwine (got from the oil palm tree).
Alcohol is used for different purposes which include a social, medical, dietary, mood modification, entertainment, laboratory work and peace-making. Youths who take alcohol are more prone to the following maladaptive behavior than abstainers. Behaviours like conflict with school teacher, suspension from school, fighting with other students, troubles with law enforcement agents and quarrels at home (Odejide, 1986).
Drug abuse at any age can cause serious health effects, but teens who abuse drugs are at particular risk for negative consequences. Each drug has its own list of disadvantages but all share a series of common dangers. The following are the outline of some common negative effects of youth drug abuse.
Youths who abuse drugs are more vulnerable to addiction later in life and addiction deprives user of their freedom of action.
Brain damage: Brain is the centre of all the vital functions. When a drug causes a brain injury, alteration is being produced a times irreversible ones, in the organic functions. Also, when psychoactive substance destroys several thousands of neuron, the loss is final
Drugs make the organism develop tolerance. When a harmful substance is introduced into the human body, it reacts by trying to eliminate it. At the same time it prepares itself to tolerate it. This means that the drug users, in order to get the desired effects need a larger dose each time. Logically, the organic balance is broken when the dose is excessive and this produces very serious symptom even causing death in some cases (Melgosa, 2005).
Emotional problems: Drug abuse can cause or mask emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, mood swings, suicidal thoughts and schizophrenia. Infact, among teens with major depression, 34.6% report using drug (Casapalmera, 2012). Unfortunately, drug use can also increase the severity of these emotion problems.
Behavioural Problems: Teens who abuse drugs have an increased risk of social problems, depression, suicidal thought and violence. According to a recent survey by the substance abuse and mental health administration, teens who abuse drugs are more likely than teens who do not abuse drugs to engage in delinquent behaviours such as fighting and stealing (Casepalmera, 2012).
Dependence: A long time use of drug may lead to dependence or desire for the drug. A person becomes psychologically and physiologically dependent on a drug. According to Wayne and Dale (1998), Psychological dependence occurs when a person use the drug to satisfy an emotional need. Mild psychological dependence is called “habituationâ€. A person can be habituated to anything that gives a feeling of well-being. For example a person can become habituated to the caffeine found in coffee, tea, cocoa and cola drink because it seems to provide a lift during the day. Physical dependence often results from tolerance on the other hand the body become use to a particular drug that it must have a certain amount in bloodstream and tissues all the time in order for the person to feel normal. Both psychological and physical dependence on drug is sometimes refers to as “addictionâ€.
Drugs affect specific organs. Alcohol for example attack the liver and the heart, the smoke and tar tobacco damage the lung, opium derivatives-heroin, morphine, methadone affect the brain considerably.
Risk factor: Using drug via needle parental or intravenous, increase their risk of blood borne disease like HIV/AIDs and hepatitis B and C. In Spain, two thirds of the HIV (AIDs virus) are transmitted by drug (Melgosa, 2005).
Mental disorder: Drug wakes up latent mental disorders and may also provoke them. The DSM-IV manual for psychiatric use list over 60 clinical disorder associated with drug taking (Melgosa, 2005).
Auto-accident: Drugs abusers are more likely to be involved in a car accident related injuries or death. One study showed that 4 to 14% of drivers who are injured or die in traffic accident test positive for THC (Casapalmera, 2012).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
