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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
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As already noted therefore, it is no exaggeration or fallacy to infer that the prevalence of drugs use and abuse among Nigeria youths resulted majorly from their escalation in the environment.
Motivation for Drug Abuse
Why a person use drug is also important so that root cause of the problem could be understood and better solution can be provided. Below are the series of factors specialists consider to be significantly influential.
Family: Many of the youngsters that use drugs come from families which also take them. For example, during the first year of a child, parents create a subconscious desire of imitation in the child. In many homes, parents drink alcoholic beverages, smoke cigarettes and take tranquilizers and even other socially accepted drug many people believed to be innocuous. According to Melgosa (1995), this consequently generates a favourable attitude to their consumption.
Friends: Different research studies emphasized that the influence of the group is the main factor in the first stages of drug use (Melgosa, 1995). Adolescent seek solace among friends from school and from the neighborhood. If the use of drug is approved and accepted by the group, adolescent feels a strong desire to conform to these expectations. When they give into peer pressure also, they get the approval and applauds from others. Adolescents will do whatever it takes to get this recognition they seem so essential.
Genetic predisposition: Several studies about twins and families have shown that there are people who have a greater genetic predisposition than other to be victim of alcoholic beverages (Melgosa, 1995). He stressed further that there are no studies which reveal the influence of genetics on the consumption of their drugs. However, because of the similarity of all addiction mechanism, this factor may be present in other drugs.
Personal Decision: A youngster who could not make a positive decision for himself/herself as to whether to use drugs or not is susceptible because personal determination plays a key role. Therefore, ability to make a firm decision to not use harmful substance will strengthen one will power. The desire to live a fulfilling life keep young people occupied in productive task and prevent drug use.
Parental indifference: When parents are indifference to the concern of youngsters, they may from there result into using drugs in order to cope with the problem or to disgrace the parents for their non-challant attitude towards them.
Advertisement: Advertisement has contributed immensely in motivating the young people towards the use of drugs. The most commonly advertizing drugs are alcohol and cigarette which most youngsters do not consider as drugs. Billions of naira are being spent by owner of this drug establishments on movie stars, musicians, broadcaster, entertainers (celebrities) etc that are making waves in the society to advertise for them. Having seen this, they believe the consumption of drugs is acceptable and can make them sociable and catch fun without considering their disastrous effects.
Beautiful people also, are depicted enjoying a social drug such as alcohol, coffee, tea or tobacco, in opulent surroundings that most viewers can only dream of being in. Company logos are shown on almost every item that appears on television, including the clothing and equipment of the participants, outfield walls, score boards and race cars.
Self Care Movement: People’s ability to engage in medical self care makes an availability of OTC and prescription medications, the use of other drugs, both legal and illegal, to make themselves feels better seems more reasonable than ever before. This attitude then fosters drug misuse and abuse.
General Acceptance of Substance Use within a Society: This will inevitably lead to higher abuse rates. Marijuana use in the 1960 is a prime example of this. It was widely used simply because it was socially acceptable. Another example of this is it uses on college campuses. “Among college students, about 1 in 2 has smoked marijuana at least once (Nevid, 2000). These campuses also encounter some of the highest rate of alcohol abuse in such a confined community, simply due to the fact that it is socially accepted by the peer group living in that environment.
Politics and Laws: Is another significant issue in predicting substance abuse. Certainly, a community or nation that does not punish abuse, almost indirectly advocates it. Meanwhile, a society which has stick punishment for abuser, certainly deter it to some extent if for no other reason than simply due to the “fear factorâ€. People are much curtail, if they are fearful of the consequences that will arise should they misuse any substance.
Unemployment and Economic Hardships: Abuse of drugs is much higher in countries or areas that are poverty stricken. This also goes hand in hand with depression, which also encourage abuse. When studying African American in the US, it was found that the prevalence of cirrhosis of the liver is nearly twice as high in African American (due to alcohol abuse) than in now Hispanic white American (Nevid, 2000).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
