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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
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Culture and Ethnicity: Certain ethnicities do not view substance such as alcohol, as “taboo†but instead as a healthy part of everyday life. How a society perceives that specific group can determine their attitude (whether favourable or not) towards the drug associated with that group. An example of this is the American association of smoking opium with the Chinese immigrant who arrived after the civil war. Although opium was originally looked upon favourably, its popularity declined as it becomes more visibly used by an ethnic group the American did not think highly of. “Cocaine would be similarly linked with Blacks and marijuana with Mexican in the first period of 20th century (Wilson, 2000).
Preventive Measures on Drug Abuse
Drug abuse prevention implies helping people (especially the youths) avoid the abuse of drugs i.e preventing problematic use and avoiding the harm that drug can cause. It is the prevention of drug misuse aims to change personal social or environmental factor in order to assist delaying or avoiding the onset of drug use and its progression to harmful or problematic misuse. Prevention strategies aim to increase the capacity of individuals and committee to have the resource they need to be protected from the harms that drug can cause (Eric, 2011).
Drug prevention reflects a concept of ensuring children and young people do not use drugs and for adults, (i.e over the legal age) how to encourage responsible and appropriate use of legal substances and drugs used or prescribed for medical purposes. Furthermore, the prevention of drug abuse usually includes the concepts and context for the promotion of health and well being as major outcome of drug prevention (Mentor Foundation, 2011). In view of this, the following are the three main ways in preventing drugs use and abuse.
Reducing the Supply of Drugs: This is done by tackling those who cultivate and provide the drug through effective policing and customs. The aim is to try to reduce the availability and legal trade through different policy, policing and other measured aimed at restricting the supply to consumers. According to NDLEA, a great deal of money is spent in this respect.
Reducing the Demand for Drugs: Education and various prevention strategies are used to make the potential users less likely to use or become involved with insidious, harmful or illegal drug use.
Helping the Ex-drug User: Assistance is given by both private and public agencies in helping the ex-drug users to prevent them from becoming involved again after the treatment they have relieved.
Initially, drug prevention was often seen in three categories: primary prevention (preventing use), secondary prevention (helping those involved in drug use), and tertiary prevention (treatment and services for drug users). In 1994, the institute of medicine proposed a new frame work for classifying preventing into universal selective and indicated prevention intervention, which replaces the previous concepts of primary secondary and tertiary prevention. More commonly, it is now usually referred to as universal prevention, indicated prevention or selective prevention and more recently “environmental prevention†has been added as a strategy (Mentor Foundation, 2011).
Universal Prevention: This addresses the entire population (local community, pupils, neighbourhood). Information and skill necessary to prevent the problem in order to delay or deter the onset of substance abuse are provided to individuals. In achieving this aim, programme are delivered to large group without any prior screening for substance abuse risk. All members of the population share the same risk for substance abuse may vary greatly among individuals.
Selective prevention: This serves specific sub-populations whose risk of a disorder is significantly higher than average, either imminently or over a lifetime. This responds to the growing importance of identifiable risk factors for understanding the initiation and progression of substance abuse, particularly among young people. A primary advantage of focusing on vulnerable population is that they already exist and are clearly identifiable. In European prevention practice, more attention has been paid to those complementary prevention intervention that focus more selectively on special group or also settings for instance deprived neighborhood or recreational settings.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
