-
Physico-chemical Investigation On Dumpsite Leachate
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN METROPOLIS]
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 11]
Page 8 of 11
-
-
-
Usually, the main reason for the presence of heavy metals in landfill leachate is the lack of awareness among the people. A lot of hazardous waste such as clinical bandages, batteries and medicine are found in the refuse sent to landfills (Hamidi et al., 2003). Also, heavy metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, lead, copper and cadmium are present in high concentrations in the landfill leachate. These minerals can cause pollution to groundwater, surface water and reservoirs (Aziz et al., 2004).
2.3.3 Leachate composition
The composition of leachate is dependent on the location and conditions of the landfill, including the type of waste stored and how old the landfill is. Therefore, while generalizations can be made about normal waste and leachate, each leachate should be considered as distinct.
Recent studies have indicated that landfill leachate holds a higher toxin load than crude sewerage. (Christensen et al., 2001) created a rundown of the bio-geochemistry of Leachate plumes produced by city, business and industrial waste masses (Chiang, 1995). A good understanding of leachate is required understand the nature of leachate plumes.
Al-Salem (2009) reported there are four groups of pollutants likely to be found in landfill leachate;
• Dissolved organic matter including methane, measured by COD and TOC
• Heavy metals
• Particular organic compounds
• Inorganic compounds
The natural substances found in Leachate are measured through analysis of parameters such as COD, BOD and TOC. The dissolved natural carbon and inorganic constituents are generally calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, alkali, iron, manganese, chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate (Christensen, 1994).
The extent of these constituents varies profoundly between one landfill to another, with average sulfate fixations running from 8 to 7750Mg/l, iron from 3 to 5500Mg/l, chloride from 150 to 4500 Mg/l and arsenic from 0.01 to 1Mg/l (Christensen, 1994).
2.3.4 Leachate Control
Cleaning of polluted ground water is very expensive. Hence, using the best ways for leachate treatment in order to keep the ground water safe and clean is very essential. Currently, landfill management is governed by strict rule, design, and construction instructions in order to prevent the migration of leachate into the ground water. The design of the lining system offers less permeability in the movement of leachate into ground water. The lining materials are mostly made of low-permeability soils (typical clays) or synthetic materials (e.g. plastic). Sometimes the landfill design has more than one liner. Leachate collection systems (LCS) consist of several layers with different types of materials (Debra & Manoj, 2000).
2.3.5 Leachate Treatment
Leachate can be treated by three main methods: physical, chemical and biological treatments. Treatment can be a combination of two or three of the above methods. Air-stripping, adsorption are major physical leachate treatment methods (Amokrane et al., 1997; Bohdziewicz et al., 2001; Morawe et al., 1995; Trebouet et al., 2001), while the other methods such as coagulation, flocculation, chemical precipitation, chemical and electrochemical oxidation methods are the common chemical methods used for the landfill leachate treatment (Amokrane et al., 1997; Ahn et al., 2002; Chiang et al., 2001; Lin & Chang, 2000; Steensen, 1997; Marttinen et al., 2002). This combination method is most popularly used to achieve excellent leachate treatment efficiency (Figure 2.10) (Heyer & Stegmann, 2000).
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 11]
Page 8 of 11
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]6 Significance of the study This study is important because it serves as a medium through which numerous problems associated with the waste dumpsite can be address. This is also necessary because it is hoped that through its outcome, the magnitude of the environmental contamination in the study area will be highlighted. The outcome of the study may also give the government to appreciate waste management strategies and controls measures over indiscriminate dumping of waste. Furtherm ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0 METHODS AND MATERIALS3.1 Materials- Plain bottle- cooler- Incubator bottles- Air incubator or water bath- Fume hood- Beakers- Measuring cylinders- Volumetric flasks- HACH DR/700 colorimeter- Beaker- Blender- Graduated measuring cylinders- Electromagnetic stirrer- Volumetric flasks (1000ml, 100ml)- pH meter- Pipette - Safety shield- Spatula- Stir Bar- Stir Bar R ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Superscripts a, b and c show that the values are significantly different while all the values bearing the same letter shows there no significant difference. The pH for Okefomo was 7.63 ± 0.16, Sawmill was 8.71 ± 0.15 and Irewolede was 7.79 ± 0.33 respectively. When pH of the three locations were compared, Okefomo and Irewolede were not significantly different while Sawmill was found to be different from both Okefomo and Irewolede (p ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Discussion of FindingsThe thrust of the study was on the physico-chemical component on dump leachate sample in Ilorin metropolis at the level of impact on the ambient environment. The findings revealed that turbidity, pH and temperature of leachate in study area show significant value. This means that the values of pH and temperature of leachate in study area are such that can exalt negative influence on people. With respect to ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]REFERENCES:Abanades S., Flamant G. and Gauthier D.,(2001). Modeling of heavy metal vaporization from a mineral matrix, J. of Hazardous Materials, 88(1):75-94. Abdus-Salam, N. and Adekola, F. A. (2005). Physico- chemical characterization of some Nigeriangoethite mineral samples. Ife J. Sci. 7(1), 131 – 137. Abdus-Salam, N. and Adekola, F. A. (2005). The influence of pH and adsorbent concentration on adsorption of lead and zinc on a natural goethite. African J ... Continue reading---
