Manpower Planning
Manpower planning otherwise known as human resource planning is the process of developing strategies to increase the current and future contributions of manpower resources, so that an organization can continuously maintain and improve its ability to achieve corporate objectives. It is part of the overall process of organizational planning. Human resource planning according to Oyedeji (1998), is an attempt to forecast how many and what kind of employee will be needed in- future and to what extent these requirement are likely to be met.
Just as budgeting is the planning of operations in financial terms human resources planning enables an organization to achieve its corporate objectives at all times by having the right number of staff, with the right skills, to do the right jobs at the right time and perform the right activities (Effiong, 2000), These are three main objectives of human resource planning as asserted by Effiong (2000).
These are to:
i. Ensure the optimum utilization of human resources employed by the organization.
ii. Provide the future manpower needs of the organization in terms of number of people, level of skills, ages etc
iii. Ensure more satisfied and more developed employees
Essentially, human resource planning is very necessary in all organizations including school system since it is required for recruitment.
According to Nwachukwu (1998), manpower planning reduces excessive recruitment, training and transfer and thereby saves management cost end time. It is through effective manpower planning that people in the organization that need more training are identified to upgrade their skills in order to assume higher responsible positions and also help the organization to start very early to seek and find capable hands to replace those about to retire from service.
B. Recruitment Selection and Placement
Recruitment according to Effiong (2000), is the set of activities carried out to attract job candidates who have the equipment and attributes to enable the organization achieve its objective. Since the success of any educational programmes depends to a very large extent on the selection of qualified teachers, it is therefore imperative that recruitment of school teachers must be thoroughly done to ensure that the right set of people are employed to do the right job.
Ogunsaju (1990), defines recruitment as the process o scouting round for qualified personnel so that the right people can be placed on the right jobs to achieve effectiveness in an organization. Usually, the need for recruitment arises due to:
• Creation of vacancies as a result of expansions, growth, diversification
• Vacancies created by transfers, promotions, retirements, termination of appointments, permanent disabilities or death
Selection according to Effiong (2000), is the process of choosing from a list of job candidates the person(s) who best meet the criteria for successfully performing the job of a particular position. It involves evaluating and screening information about applicants in relation to the job requirements. The need for selection arises because of fundamental individual differences in traits, attributes, behaviour and qualifications. The selection process seeks, then to identify the right persons for vacant positions. Consequently, factors to be taken into consideration in the process of recruitment, selection and placement include:
• Preliminary screening
• Completion of bio-data form
• Employment interviews
• Reference checks and obtaining recommendation letters
• Medical examinations
• Appointments and placement (Effiong, 2000).