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Socio-economic Status Of Parents And Students’ Academic Performances
[A CASE STUDY OF LAGELU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OYO STATE]
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Socio-Economic Status of the Parents and Students’ Academic Performance.
Parent’s socio-economic status is based on family income, parental education level, parental occupation, and social in the community (such as contacts within the community, group associations, and the community’s perception of the family). Despite all the research and policy making, the relativity between those of high and low status from among the parents in relation to their children’s education is widening rather than narrowing across educational achievement (Galindo – Rueda, Marcenaro – Gutierrez & Vignoles, 2004; Conger & Donnellan, 2007). It is believed that low socio-economic status and low educational background negatively affects academic achievement because they both prevents access to vital resources and creates additional stress at home (Jeynes 2002, Eamon 2005).
According to a draft report of the Australian commission on health Krieger, Williams and Moss (2007) refer to socio-economic position as an aggregate concept that includes both resource–based and prestige–based measures, as linked to both childhood and adult social class position from among the children. Akanle (2007) also mentioned parental income in his work to be a strong factor upon which the academic and vocational successes of secondary and junior school student lie. According to his investigation, parental income cannot be sufficient to sustain the academic and personal social life of the student in sub rural school areas. And this can seriously affects the psychological balance or homeostatic balance in the classroom, which causes low concentration, low perception, frustration, sickness and emotional disability in academic performance of the students and can also lead to dropping out or withdrawal. Therefore, a child may be found to perform poorly in his school work and even drop out of school, when he is deprived of essential needs. This is consistent with (Bugembe, Joseph, & Kagugude, 2005) finding which suggested that child welfare at school is a determinant of child retention and also incorporates the right of children to adequate living standards (Shelter, nutrition and healthcare, water, and sanitation services) that are vital for child growth and development. Bugembe et al (2005) explained that in urban areas, most poor families can hardly afford the cost of water talk-less of education of their children and this can no doubt lead to a low academic performance and high dropout rate.
The educational background on the other hand basically means the type of education acquired by an individual; it can be western or religious depending on the environment and geographical location. Educational background may be the number of schools attended and the type of certificates obtained right from primary to tertiary level. Research shows that pupils from families where parents have less education tend to systematically perform worse in schools than pupils whose parents have more education. Nannyonjo, (2007) opined that students from the educated parents who attended and finished senior four or senior six or university performed considerably better than the student with parents who did not finish primary or just finished primary school. Students whose fathers had university degree may likely expect to have the highest increase in test score.
Parental Occupation and Students’ Academic Performance
Traditionally, parental profession has been regarded as a predictor of children’s academic performance. Parental occupation either directly or indirectly goes a long way to determine children’s’ academic performance.
A recent meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between socio-economic status and academic achievement shows that different variables of socio-economic status e.g., parental education, parental income and parental profession have different effects on academic attainment (Sirin, 2005). Increasingly, parental occupational status is part of a larger constellation of sociological variables influencing children’s school outcome (Sirin, 2005). The nature of occupation engaged in by parents will determine how they give attention to their children’s education because some parents that are engaged in low income occupation ask their children to fend for their school fees and other educational materials needed. Fizbe and Shady (2009) affirmed that for some parents the opportunity cost of schooling are associated with labour shortage, resources and services lost by the reason of sending their children to school. Child labour is indispensable to the survival of many rural households in Sub-Sahara Africa: Agricultural work, domestic work (cooking, 16 collecting fuel, fetching water), marketing as well as child care services are required from children. The need for domestic labour has grown also with the rapid growth of urban areas. Low paid occupation has made parents to respond by sending their children into domestic labour markets in exchange for cash income (Saifi & Mehmood 2011).
Low occupation breeds poverty. Saifi and Mehmood(2011) asserted that children’s test scores are lowest when poverty persists across generations, and highest when material advantage is long lasting. On the other hand, while good social skills also appear to be linked across generation, these do not make a significant direct contribution to the current gap in cognitive test scores between rich and poor children. Saifi and Mehmood found that the gap in attainment between children whose parents engage in low occupation and high occupation could not be compared; nevertheless parental occupation had a significant effect on the academic achievement of students. It plays a remarkable role in students’ academic achievement. Good parental occupation had a positive effect on the academic achievement of students. Saifi and Mehmood (2011) studied the effects of socio- economic status on student’s achievement and they used income, parent’s education and occupation, material possession at home, transport and servants as the indicators of socio-economic status and data were analysed by applying percentages. The findings revealed that parental education and occupation and facilities at home affected the student’s achievement。
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThis study examined socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The researcher adopted descriptive survey of correlational type. The study used random sampling technique to select ten public secondary schools out of twenty-six secondary schools. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select two hundred respondents. A research questionnaire titled “Socio-Economic Status of Parents Questionnaire (SESPQ) and ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIXQUESTIONNAIREUNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENTDear Respondents, I am a final year student of the above named school. I am conducting a research on the topic SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE in which your school is one of the school selected for this study. Please you are required to supply useful information on the subject matter and therefore, you are expected to answer the questions attached. ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Table of Content Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Backgr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Scope of the StudyThe study will be confined to senior secondary school three (S.S.S. Three) Students in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo State. The geographical scope of the study will be limited to students in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The respondents would be selected from 10 secondary schools. The variables scope is educational status of parents, parents' occupation and family structure. The instrumental scope will be Socio-economic status of parents Questionnaire (SESPQ) and ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGYIntroductionThis chapter presents in details, the steps taken in this study. It provides explanation on the study design considered appropriate for the investigation, the population, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation, validity and reliability of the instrument, procedure for data collection and method of data analysis. Research designA good number of people in the target population should be reached for a study’s conclusions to be genera ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Summary of Findings(1) There was significant relationship between socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(2) There was significant relationship between educational status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(3) There was significant relationship between parents' occupation and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(4) ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVEDISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter presents discussion of findings, conclusion and recommendations made on the research carried out on socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. Discussion of Findings Hypothesis one revealed that there was significant relationship between socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance. This finding is in line with the findings of Odoema ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAbbas, A (2004). Relationship between parent education, occupation and academic achievement of senior secondary school. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Adegbile, R.F. 2009. The Role of Nigerian Teachers and Parents: A pre-requisite for efficient Dynamic Curriculum. Development. African Research Review. 3.1: 362-372.Adepoju, (2002). Locational factors as correlates of private cost and academic performance of secondary school students in Oyo State, Nige ... Continue reading---
