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Socio-economic Status Of Parents And Students’ Academic Performances
[A CASE STUDY OF LAGELU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OYO STATE]
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Poor performance of students these days has led to the question ‘what are the factors and responsible for the student academic performance?’ Chudi (2013) opined that parental involvement has a positive impact not only on student’s academic performance, but also on their overall behaviour and attitude about school work. Chudi posit that it is not the school that has failed, rather, it is partnership that has failed with schools taking on the responsibility that family and religion settings have ignored.
In the same vein, Beyer (1995) citing Hossler and Stage (1992) indicates that there is a positive relationship between the parent’s educational level and their children success in their academic. Ermisch and Francesconi (2001) found an interesting finding in their study where there is significant gradient between each parent’s education level and their child’s education achievement. On the contrary, Jeynasi (2002) as cited by Ali, Zubar, Fahad, Hamid and Awase (2013) conclude that socio-economic status is one of the many elements which determine student academic performance. Supporting this view is Graetz (1995) who pinpoint’s that the main source of educational imbalance among students and student’s academic success contingent very strongly on parent’s socio-economic standard.
An investigation conducted by Agus and Makhbul (2002) indicated that students from families of higher income levels perform better in their academic performance as compared to those who come from families of lower income brackets. Checchi (2000) also concluded that family income provides an incentive for better student performance; richer parents internalise this affect by investing more resources in the education of their children.
However, it is believed that student academic performance is greatly affected by the standard and the educational institution students attend. Also, Kwesiga (2002) as cited by Alret et al says the performance of student is influence by the school which they attend. Also the standard of the facilities the school has determine the quality of the school which in turn influence the performance and accomplishment of its students.
Crosine and Elder (2004) as cited by Ali et al (2013) notice that school ownership, provision of facilities and availability of resources in schools is an important structural component of the school and lack of these is at the students’ detriment. The posits of these scholars as regard factors affecting students’ academic performance cannot be fault in any way. Parental socio-economic status, student motivation availability of learning faculties, and student’s motivation are not unconnected with students’ academic performance.
Theoretical Framework
This study adopted ecological theory propounded by Bronfenbrenner (2008). This theory suggests that a person’s surroundings including the home, school, occupation, church, neighbourhood, culture and government have an influence on the way a child develops mental ability. This theory looks at learners‟ development within the context of the system of relationships that form their environment. According to this theory, the microsystem is the small, immediate environment in which the child lives.
Ecological theory states that child develops mental ability within an interactive system of nested influences between the child and the environment. His ecological environment consists of the following five nested structures:
1. Microsystems
2. Mesosystem
3. Exosystem
4. Macro system
5. Chronosystem
(Rathus, 2006; Berk, 2007; Donald, Lazarus and Lolwana, 2010). Children’s microsystems will include any immediate relationships or organizations they interact with, such as their immediate family, school, peers, neighbours and caregivers. How these groups or organizations interact with the child will have an effect on how the child grows, the more encouraging and nurturing these relationships and places are, the better the child will be able to grow (Donald, Lazarus and Lolwana, 2010). Bronfenbrenner‟s next level, the mesosystem, describes how the different aspects of a child‟s micro system work together for the sake of the child (Cole, Cole and Lightfoot, 2009). The exosystem level includes the other people and places that the child may not interact with often but still have a large effect on the child, such as parents‟ work, family income, extended family members and the neighbourhood. (Bray, Gooskens, Khan, Moses and Seekings, 2010) describe the macro system as the one that involves dominant social and economic structures as well as values, beliefs and practices that influence all other social systems.
The chronosystem involves development over time that affects the interactions between these systems as well as their influences on the academic and intellectual development of learners. Given the above, understanding the interactions of these systems is therefore the key in understanding how the child develops and what factors lead to a child’s failure. While multiple environments and mechanisms exist, these researchers are interested in examining how poverty acts on families to influence academic achievement by focusing on five environments, which are family, occupation neighborhood, peers, school and government. With this theory as background, this research work proceeds from the position that academic performance of a child is influenced by many factors e.g parental occupation which determines family income, while income determines how parents take care of their child’s education and the kind of school the child attends, which in turn probably determines the child’s academic performance.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThis study examined socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The researcher adopted descriptive survey of correlational type. The study used random sampling technique to select ten public secondary schools out of twenty-six secondary schools. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select two hundred respondents. A research questionnaire titled “Socio-Economic Status of Parents Questionnaire (SESPQ) and ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIXQUESTIONNAIREUNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENTDear Respondents, I am a final year student of the above named school. I am conducting a research on the topic SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE in which your school is one of the school selected for this study. Please you are required to supply useful information on the subject matter and therefore, you are expected to answer the questions attached. ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Table of Content Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Backgr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Scope of the StudyThe study will be confined to senior secondary school three (S.S.S. Three) Students in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo State. The geographical scope of the study will be limited to students in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The respondents would be selected from 10 secondary schools. The variables scope is educational status of parents, parents' occupation and family structure. The instrumental scope will be Socio-economic status of parents Questionnaire (SESPQ) and ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGYIntroductionThis chapter presents in details, the steps taken in this study. It provides explanation on the study design considered appropriate for the investigation, the population, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation, validity and reliability of the instrument, procedure for data collection and method of data analysis. Research designA good number of people in the target population should be reached for a study’s conclusions to be genera ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Summary of Findings(1) There was significant relationship between socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(2) There was significant relationship between educational status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(3) There was significant relationship between parents' occupation and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(4) ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVEDISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter presents discussion of findings, conclusion and recommendations made on the research carried out on socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. Discussion of Findings Hypothesis one revealed that there was significant relationship between socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance. This finding is in line with the findings of Odoema ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAbbas, A (2004). Relationship between parent education, occupation and academic achievement of senior secondary school. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Adegbile, R.F. 2009. The Role of Nigerian Teachers and Parents: A pre-requisite for efficient Dynamic Curriculum. Development. African Research Review. 3.1: 362-372.Adepoju, (2002). Locational factors as correlates of private cost and academic performance of secondary school students in Oyo State, Nige ... Continue reading---
