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Design And Construction Of A Digital Clock With Calendar
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1.1 BRIEF DISCUSSION ON CLOCK
A clock is an instrument to indicate, keep, and coordinate time. Today a clock “refers to any device for measuring and displaying the timeâ€. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to consistently measure interval of time shorter than the natural unit, the day, the month and the year. Devices operating on several physical processes have been used over the millennia.
A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the time digitally (i.e. In numerals or other symbols), as opposed to an analog clock, where the time is indicated by the positions of rotating hands.
This clock counts seconds, minutes, hours, days, months and
years. Time and calendar is displayed on four separate seven segment LED displays, and is adjustable with three buttons at start time (up, down, set).
You can program the day of the week, hour and minute, day of the month and year.
1.4 AIM
The aim of this project is to design and construct a digital clock with yearly calendar.
1.5 OBJECTIVES
• To be able to understand the principle behind digital system display.
• To be able to interface micro controller with the display unit.
• To be able to display the date and time in digital format.
1.6 UNITS OF THE SYSTEM
This digital clock with calendar model can be divided into two parts, the hardware and software. The hardware can be divided into several sections. This includes the power supply unit, the control unit and the display unit.
The software part can be broken down into the following sections. This includes the timing and counting unit, display decoder and scanning unit
1.3.1 HARDWARE PART
ï¶ Power supply unit;
Power supply unit consist of transformer, bridge rectifier, filter capacitor, voltage regulator and back up battery.
ï¶ The control unit;
The control unit consists of a microcontroller, the PIC16F877. It controls by timing, counting and sending numeric code to be displayed to the seven segment display.
ï¶ The display unit;
The display is made up of ten seven segment displays, and ten NPN BJT transistors.
1.3.3 SOFTWARE PART
ï¶ Timing unit;
The timing of the clock is achieved by assigning timer0 a special function registers in the microcontroller to timing. Timer0 is incremented at every four clock cycle of the microcontroller, when it runs to the end it causes interrupt that enables a general purpose registers to increment. When this registers count to a reference value, register linked to the seconds is increased. Timing starts with this register (seconds) which serves as input to other registers associated with other parts of the clock.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT This project is aimed at explaining the Design and construction of a digital wall clock with calendar. It give report on how we can achieve this aim and the primary objective of this work is to bring a vibrant digital clock display to everyone located within the vicinity where the clock is being installed, and the importance of clock is to tell time and date, so you can meet up with events and assignments, these are just few importance of CLOCK. In developing countries, time is a ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]APPENDIXROUTINE PROGRAME THAT HANDLES COUNTINGPROGRAMMING CODE ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLE Table TABLE: 2.2.3 CONVERTING DIGITS TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY BITS TABLE 4.2: VOLTAGE REGULATOR TEST RESULT ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure FIG.1.0 THE PIC16F877 INTERNAL STRUCTURE FIG 2.0 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A DIGITAL CLOCK WITH CALENDAR DISPLAY FIG. 2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY UNIT FIG. 2.2.2 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT FIG2.2.3 SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY FIG 2.2.4a MASKING OF SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY FIG 2.2.4b SCANNING AND MULTIPLEXING OF SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY FIG 3.0 BLOCKS DIAGRAM OF THE STAGES IN DIGITAL CLOCK WITH CALENDAR FIG 3.1 CIRC ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Table List of Figure CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BRIEF DISCUSSION ON CLOCK 1.1 AIM 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 UNITS OF THE SYSTEM 1.3.1 HARDWARE PART 1.3.2 SOFTWARE PART CHAPTER TWO2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS 2.2 STAGES IN ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]CHAPTER TWO3.0 LITERATURE REVIEWThis project is an embedded system that uses a microcontroller to achieve the required functions. This device operates by running a software program burn into its flash memory, this is divided into loops, and each loop has it specific function. These loops are labeled counter, decoder and display scanner.In this project, I have built a digital clock with 24 hour count time. The clock runs from 00:00 to 23:59 and then back to 00:00. The display has two four d ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]ROM is used to permanently save the program being currently executed. This is why it is often called a ‘program memory’. The PIC16F877 has 8Kb of ROM (8192 locations in total). Since ROM is made with FLASH technology, its contents can be easily changed by providing a special programming voltage (13V).No further explanations are required as the whole process is performed automatically by means of a special program installed on the PC and a simple electronic device called the programm ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 THE CONSTRUCTION After proper design and calculations for each stage, the components were obtained and connected together on a breed board and tested to ensure that the circuit connections were okay before it was transferred to the vero-board and soldered. The construction of each unit was carried out stage by stage with proper testing after each completion. The construction started from the power supply unit to the visual display unit and the casing.During soldering, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION This digital clock is designed to display real time clock and calendar. There were lots of problems encountered while working on this project. These include generating clock signal of 1sec from 4Mz clock signal of the MCU, Synchronizing the timing along with the scanning of the display simultaneously and writing code fired into the microcontroller. Other problems encountered include choice of components, obtaining and interpreting datasheet of components fo ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESEvans C. H. (2007) Amplifiers (Electronics) New York, van Nestraud Rinold, New York. Hughes E. (2003): Hughes Electrical, 6th Edition. Harlow Longman scientific and technology.Integrated Electronics, M. C. Grewhill book by Robert B. S. Company (2008) Ivo Adanand Jacques Resing, The Queueing theory (2002), Department of Mathematics and Computer science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.Paul H. & Winfield H (2000). The Art of Electronics, 2nd edition. Cambri ... Continue reading---
