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Design And Construction Of A Digital Clock With Calendar
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2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS
The lists of component are; Resistors, capacitors, transformer, voltage regulator, transistor, seven segment display, Light Emitting Diode and microcontroller. Others are switches, vero board, and wires.
2.2 STAGES IN THE EMBEDDED DIGITAL CLOCK WITH CALENDAR
There are several stages in this device; these stages include the power supply unit, the control unit, the logic unit and the output display unit.
2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
The power supply unit is made up of transformer, bridge rectifier, filter capacitor and voltage regulator and 9V battery.
The input voltage to this stage is 220V, 50Hz and the output voltage is 5VDC. The transformer is use to step the 220V, 50Hz to 12V, 50Hz. the bridge rectifier is use to convert 12V, 50Hz to 12DCV. This voltage contains ripples, the filter capacitor is use to remove this. The voltage regulator (7805) is use to regulate the rectified and filtered voltage to fixed 5VDC.
2.2.2 THE LOGIC UNIT
The logic unit is made up of microcontroller PIC16F877A with over 8000 registers. The MCU performs most of the activities. It counts, decodes the values and scan the display associated to each unit of this device. It decodes this value to its seven segment numeric display value and it enables the appropriate display by scanning. The displays are multiplexed and are therefore properly synchronized. The program running in the MCU flash memory makes this possible.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT This project is aimed at explaining the Design and construction of a digital wall clock with calendar. It give report on how we can achieve this aim and the primary objective of this work is to bring a vibrant digital clock display to everyone located within the vicinity where the clock is being installed, and the importance of clock is to tell time and date, so you can meet up with events and assignments, these are just few importance of CLOCK. In developing countries, time is a ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]APPENDIXROUTINE PROGRAME THAT HANDLES COUNTINGPROGRAMMING CODE ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLE Table TABLE: 2.2.3 CONVERTING DIGITS TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY BITS TABLE 4.2: VOLTAGE REGULATOR TEST RESULT ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure FIG.1.0 THE PIC16F877 INTERNAL STRUCTURE FIG 2.0 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A DIGITAL CLOCK WITH CALENDAR DISPLAY FIG. 2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY UNIT FIG. 2.2.2 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT FIG2.2.3 SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY FIG 2.2.4a MASKING OF SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY FIG 2.2.4b SCANNING AND MULTIPLEXING OF SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY FIG 3.0 BLOCKS DIAGRAM OF THE STAGES IN DIGITAL CLOCK WITH CALENDAR FIG 3.1 CIRC ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Table List of Figure CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BRIEF DISCUSSION ON CLOCK 1.1 AIM 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 UNITS OF THE SYSTEM 1.3.1 HARDWARE PART 1.3.2 SOFTWARE PART CHAPTER TWO2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS 2.2 STAGES IN ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]ï¶ Counting unit;Each unit of the clock is linked to a general purpose register for counting purposes. There is a routine program that handles counting up for each of the clock units (refer to appendix for codes of routine program). The time taken for each increase is determined in the routine handling it. The output of each counter is binary and therefore needs to be converted to seven segment display format. Another routine is program to handle this (refer to appendix for routine pro ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]ROM is used to permanently save the program being currently executed. This is why it is often called a ‘program memory’. The PIC16F877 has 8Kb of ROM (8192 locations in total). Since ROM is made with FLASH technology, its contents can be easily changed by providing a special programming voltage (13V).No further explanations are required as the whole process is performed automatically by means of a special program installed on the PC and a simple electronic device called the programm ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 THE CONSTRUCTION After proper design and calculations for each stage, the components were obtained and connected together on a breed board and tested to ensure that the circuit connections were okay before it was transferred to the vero-board and soldered. The construction of each unit was carried out stage by stage with proper testing after each completion. The construction started from the power supply unit to the visual display unit and the casing.During soldering, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION This digital clock is designed to display real time clock and calendar. There were lots of problems encountered while working on this project. These include generating clock signal of 1sec from 4Mz clock signal of the MCU, Synchronizing the timing along with the scanning of the display simultaneously and writing code fired into the microcontroller. Other problems encountered include choice of components, obtaining and interpreting datasheet of components fo ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESEvans C. H. (2007) Amplifiers (Electronics) New York, van Nestraud Rinold, New York. Hughes E. (2003): Hughes Electrical, 6th Edition. Harlow Longman scientific and technology.Integrated Electronics, M. C. Grewhill book by Robert B. S. Company (2008) Ivo Adanand Jacques Resing, The Queueing theory (2002), Department of Mathematics and Computer science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.Paul H. & Winfield H (2000). The Art of Electronics, 2nd edition. Cambri ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT This project is aimed at explaining the Design and construction of a digital wall clock with calendar. It give report on how we can achieve this aim and the primary objective of this work is to bring a vibrant digital clock display to everyone located within the vicinity where the clock is being installed, and the importance of clock is to tell time and date, so you can meet up with events and assignments, these are just few importance of CLOCK. In developing countries, time is a ... Continue reading---