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Design And Construction Of A Single Phase Auto Transformer Of Rating Ikva 240v/110 80 12v 6v
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Electrical energy has been considered
as one of the numerous form of energy and it distinguished itself
vividly by the widest application in the recent years.
Electrical
energy is particularly useful by reasons of the case with which it can
be distributed and converted to other desired forms lighting effects,
heating effect magnetic effect of electrical energy can be used to ran
our inclustrus, boil our water, provide light for our homes as well as
servicing and easing other human endeavours.
The wide use of
electricity has necessitated the development of systems of transmission
and distribution. Transmission systems are required (a) to enable
sources of natural energy (eg water fails – dams, or storage loaves,
reservoirs for hydropower station, fuel fields, coal gas, diesel – for
thermal generating station), for distant from the centre of energy
demand (e.g large works, industrial areas of cities), to be economically
utilized, (b) to enable generating plant to be concentrated in a few
large. Favourably situated stations; and (c) to per met of the in for
connection of network or distributing areas to ensure reliability
economy and stability or continuity of supply.
There are three main
facts in the production and utilization of electricity namely:
generations transmission, and distribution generation of electrical
energy employs electrical power stations. These power stations generate
electrical energy making use of fuel (e.g coal, gas, diesel) as mom raw
material; hence thus type is called steam or thermal power station.
Other power stations make use of water falls or storage haves – hence
called hydro electric power station: etc.
No mater the type of the
power station employed, the voltage generated is usually in a low level
e.g 11KV or 25KV. Owing to the distance between the centre of energy dim
and (consumption areas) to the power stations, transmission system of
energy times into play. A high voltage is desirable for transmitting
large power in order to decrease the 12R losses and reduce the amount of
conductor material. Therefore, a transformer is employed to step up the
generated voltage to 3300KV/ the highest National Grid voltage although
effort are being made to increase it to 765KV for transmission. This
330KV is transmuted to the distribution ends. A very much however
voltage, on the other hand, is required for distribution, for various
reasons connected with safely and convenience. The transformer also
mavies this easily and economically possible as the 330KV is stepped
down to 132KV, 66KV, 33KV, 11KV, 415KV and to a minimum level of 240V
for distribution to various load centre (consumption area).
1.1 BACKGROUND
The
device to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the generated
voltage is called the transformer. It is a static (stationary)
alternating consent machine.
Basically, transformers are classified
according to purpose namely:- power transformer, distribution
transformer, Auto-transformer and instrument transformer, power
transformer are large transformers generally used at generating stations
to step up the voltage, and at the substations to step d0wn the voltage
for supplying distribution systems. They may also be used for tionving
together two power stations. The power transformer has a high
utilization factor, e.g it is arranged that they run with an almost
constant load which is equal to their rating. The maximum efficiency is
designed to be at fall load. This means that the fall-load winding
losses must be equal to the here losses.
According to common usage, a transformer rated over 500KVA is termed a power transformer.
The
distribution transformer has a intermittent and variable head which is
usually considerable less than fall-head rating. They are therefore,
designed to have their maximum efficiency at between half and three –
quarter of fall head.
The instrument transformers are of two types
depending on the mode of operation voltage or current transformers. The
current (series) and voltage (shunt) transformers are used for extending
the range of a.c. instruments in preference to shunts and series
resistors.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This project work-up deals on the design and construction of a single phase step down nations fermor, with raking IKVA, 240V/11OV, 80V 12U, 6V. It is a multi-circuit transformer that has one input as the primary and tappins to produce the output (secondary). It is considered as a single coil in series with the supply and a common coil to the head. It is experimentally done using flat metal shocks of cast steel to form the “E†and “I†shaped laminations and coils of variou ... Continue reading---
