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A Study Of Wind Powered Turbine Generation
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3) Tip Speed Ration (TSR): The tip-speed is the ratio of the rotation speed of the blade to the wind speed. The larger the ratio, the faster the rotation of the wind turbine rotor at a given wind speed.
4) Rated Speed: The rated speed is the minimum wind speed at which the turbine will generate its designated rated power. Note that between the cut-in and rated speed, the power output from a wind turbine increase. The rated speed for most machines is in the range of 25mph to 30mph.
5) Cut-Out Speed: This is the wind at which the turbine may be shut down to protect the rotor and drive train machinery from damage. A wind speed sensor is usually used to activate the automatic brake. And normal wind operation usually resumes when the wind drops back to a safe level.
6) Operating characters: This includes such thing as low speed on-off cycling, shut down behavior and overall reliability. These things together determine the turbine availability to produce power when the wind speeds are in its operating range.
7) Efficiency: The efficiency of the drive train components such as the generator, the gear box and other can be defined as the ratio of the output to the input. It should also be noted that the drive converts energy from one form to Another. And in the process, some of the input energy/power is being consumed to make the device operate.
For this reason, the efficiency of the operation is defined as energy output in given a time.
Efficiency = Energy output in a given time = Wo
Energy input in the same time Win
= Power output = Po Power input Pin
9) Frequency of Operation: This is the number of cycles completed in a second.
Actually this varies from time to time. But it is necessary to stabilize it, because as soon as the frequency is made constant, it goes a long way to influence the power/energy output of the wind turbine.
2.2 PERFORMACE
The wind does not start as long as the “cut-in speed†has not been reached. And when it starts it has to reach the “rated speed†i.e. the lowest speed it has to reach before it will be able to generate its “rated powerâ€. The turbine also shut down automatically as soon as it gets to the “cut-off speed†to avoid damage on the turbine.
Despite the use of frequency control, the wind turbine would be permitted to rotate at a variable speed as the wind changed. How ever since the frequency control has to be maintained. The wind turbine rotational speed can be controlled in two distinct positions.
1) When the wind speed is between the cut-in speed and the rated speed, the speed can be controlled by varying the load on the generator
2) When the wind speed is between the rated and cut-off speed, it can be controlled by changing the pitch on the turbine.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe (PHCH) Power Holding Company of Nigeria Plc, effort to provide us with a regular power supply has not yet been achieved. And it is because of the search for another means of power generation that necessitated the development of wind turbine.The wind energy is abundant in several parts. Among the numerous natural energy resources that Nigeria was blessed with, wind is among the once in great quantity. Wind can be used in conjunction with turbines to produce electricity in isolation to ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of contents CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of study 1.2 Energy from wind CHAPTER TWO2.0 Consideration for wind powered generator 2.1 Basic principal of wind power generation 2.2 Performance CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW3.0 Types of wind machine 3.1 Horizontal axis wind turbine 3.2 Vertical axis wind turbine ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONSince ancient times, people have harnessed the winds and energy. Over 5,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used wind to sail ships on the Nile River. Later, people built wind mills to grind wheat and other grains. The earliest known wind mills were in Persia. These early wind mills looked like large paddle wheels. Centuries later, the basic design of the wind mills was improved. It was given a propeller type blade. The evolution has been slow but continuous, wi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW3.0 TYPE OF WIND MACHINEThere are two types of wind machine (turbines) used today. This classification is based on the direction of the rotating shaft (AXIS). Horizontal- axis wind machine Vertical – axis wind machine. The size of wind machine varies widely. Small turbines used to power a single home or business. This may have a capacity of 100 kilowatts. Some large commercial sized turbines may be up to 5 million watts or 5 watts. Large turbines are t ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Improvement in the design of VSCF machine has led to the development of special type called the “Double Output Induction Generator†(DOIG). In this, the solid state handling only the slip power and this seems an interesting comparism between the VSCF and CSCF Systems.The solid state electronics is used for rectification and the line commutator inverter inverts the slip power back to alternating current. Another version of the VSCF system has power output at modulated frequency higher ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]5.3 ADVANTAGESThe advantages that wind power generation gives are enormousi) It relies on the renewable power of the wind which can’t be used up. That is it is fueled by wind.ii) These sources do not use burning fuel thus avoiding the inconveniences of supply and the dangers that arise through their storage.iii) Wind energy turbine doesn’t pollute the air like power plants that rely on combustion of fossil fuel such as coal or natural gas which when burnt go ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER SIX - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER SIXCONCLUSIONAs the need to stabilize the nation’s energy resource and electricity demands, renewable energy comes into play and also at a time when customers across the country are facing electricity rate hikes due to supply shortage, wind power is an attractive option to consumers and business alike.Wind energy works because it generates energy without fuel. While providing a reliable edge against rising energy cost. Wind energy works because the wind energy industry is a good s ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCE1. Anderson. S.P.D.L Freeman, D.L Elliott and RL George Wind Energy Atlas Pacific Norwest Laboratory, Richland Washington 1981.2. Anderson S.P.D, Pacific Norwest Laboratory.3. Baker R.W and E.W Hewson Network Wind Power Over the Pacific Norwest Bonneville Power Administration, Portland 1981.4. Baker R.N and E.W. Hewson Network Wind Power Over the Pacific Norwest.5. Black and Veatch Power Plant Engineering Chapman and Hall New Yoke 1996.6. Black ... Continue reading---
