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A Study Of Wind Powered Turbine Generation
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CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW
3.0 TYPE OF WIND MACHINE
There are two types of wind machine (turbines) used today. This classification is based on the direction of the rotating shaft (AXIS). Horizontal- axis wind machine Vertical – axis wind machine. The size of wind machine varies widely. Small turbines used to power a single home or business. This may have a capacity of 100 kilowatts. Some large commercial sized turbines may be up to 5 million watts or 5 watts. Large turbines are those that provide power to the electrical grid
3.1 HORIZONTAL – AXIS WIND TURBINE (HAWT)
Most wind machines being used today are the horizontal – axis type. Horizontal – axis wind have blades like airplane propellers. A typical horizontal wind machine stands as tall as 20 – story building and has three blades that span 20 feet across. The largest wind machines in the world have blades longer than a football field. Wind machines stand tall and wide to capture more wind.
The axis of rotation is parallel to the wind flow. Some very large turbine use a motor driven mechanism that turns the machine in response to wind direction sensor mounted on the tower. A prime objective in wind turbine design is for the blade to have a relatively high lift-to-drag ratio. This ratio can be varied along the length of the blade to optimize the turbine’s energy output at various wind speeds.
ADVANTAGES OF HAWT
1) Blades are to the side of the turbine center of gravity, helping stability.
2) Ability to wing warp, which gives the turbine blades the best angle of attack.
3) Ability to pitch the rotor blades in a storm, to minimize damage.
4) Tall towers allow access to stronger wind in site with wind shear. It allows placement on uneven land or in shore locations.
5) Most of them are self-starting.
6) Can be cheaper.
DISADVANTAGES OF HAWT
1) IT has difficulty operating in near ground, turbulent winds because their yaw and blade bearing need smoother wind flow.
2) The tall towers and long blades (up to 180feat long) are difficult to transport.
3) Difficult to install, it needs very tall and expensive cranes and skilled operators.
4) Their height can create local opposition based on impact to view sheds.
5) Downwind variants suffer from fatigue and structural failure caused by turbulence.
3.2 VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (VAWT)
Vertical-axis wind machines have blades that go from top to bottom and the most common type is (Darrien wind turbine). It looks like a giant two bladed egg beaters. The type of vertical wind machines make up only a very small percent of the machine used today.
Other vertical axis turbine designs include the savanis, which uses scoops to catch the wind. A vertical axis machine need not be oriented with respect to wind direction because the shaft are vertical, the transmission and generator can be mounted at the ground level allowing easier servicing and lighter weight.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe (PHCH) Power Holding Company of Nigeria Plc, effort to provide us with a regular power supply has not yet been achieved. And it is because of the search for another means of power generation that necessitated the development of wind turbine.The wind energy is abundant in several parts. Among the numerous natural energy resources that Nigeria was blessed with, wind is among the once in great quantity. Wind can be used in conjunction with turbines to produce electricity in isolation to ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of contents CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of study 1.2 Energy from wind CHAPTER TWO2.0 Consideration for wind powered generator 2.1 Basic principal of wind power generation 2.2 Performance CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW3.0 Types of wind machine 3.1 Horizontal axis wind turbine 3.2 Vertical axis wind turbine ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONSince ancient times, people have harnessed the winds and energy. Over 5,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used wind to sail ships on the Nile River. Later, people built wind mills to grind wheat and other grains. The earliest known wind mills were in Persia. These early wind mills looked like large paddle wheels. Centuries later, the basic design of the wind mills was improved. It was given a propeller type blade. The evolution has been slow but continuous, wi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER TWO2.0 CONSIDERATION FOR WIND POWERED GENERATORIn the 1970s, oil shortage pushed the development of alternative energy source. In 1990s, the push came from a renewed concern for the environment in response to scientific studies indicating potential changes to the global climate if the use of fossils fuels continuous to increase. Wind is a clean fuel; wind farms produce no air or water pollution because no fuel is burnt.Providing new cost effective advanced and innovative technologi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Improvement in the design of VSCF machine has led to the development of special type called the “Double Output Induction Generator†(DOIG). In this, the solid state handling only the slip power and this seems an interesting comparism between the VSCF and CSCF Systems.The solid state electronics is used for rectification and the line commutator inverter inverts the slip power back to alternating current. Another version of the VSCF system has power output at modulated frequency higher ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]5.3 ADVANTAGESThe advantages that wind power generation gives are enormousi) It relies on the renewable power of the wind which can’t be used up. That is it is fueled by wind.ii) These sources do not use burning fuel thus avoiding the inconveniences of supply and the dangers that arise through their storage.iii) Wind energy turbine doesn’t pollute the air like power plants that rely on combustion of fossil fuel such as coal or natural gas which when burnt go ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER SIX - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER SIXCONCLUSIONAs the need to stabilize the nation’s energy resource and electricity demands, renewable energy comes into play and also at a time when customers across the country are facing electricity rate hikes due to supply shortage, wind power is an attractive option to consumers and business alike.Wind energy works because it generates energy without fuel. While providing a reliable edge against rising energy cost. Wind energy works because the wind energy industry is a good s ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCE1. Anderson. S.P.D.L Freeman, D.L Elliott and RL George Wind Energy Atlas Pacific Norwest Laboratory, Richland Washington 1981.2. Anderson S.P.D, Pacific Norwest Laboratory.3. Baker R.W and E.W Hewson Network Wind Power Over the Pacific Norwest Bonneville Power Administration, Portland 1981.4. Baker R.N and E.W. Hewson Network Wind Power Over the Pacific Norwest.5. Black and Veatch Power Plant Engineering Chapman and Hall New Yoke 1996.6. Black ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe (PHCH) Power Holding Company of Nigeria Plc, effort to provide us with a regular power supply has not yet been achieved. And it is because of the search for another means of power generation that necessitated the development of wind turbine.The wind energy is abundant in several parts. Among the numerous natural energy resources that Nigeria was blessed with, wind is among the once in great quantity. Wind can be used in conjunction with turbines to produce electricity in isolation to ... Continue reading---