The second major characteristics of Type A behaviour pattern
is the high desire for achievement and obsession with numbers. This is
because of the realization that most of the world’s activities are
expressed in Dollars, Pounds, Francs, Naira, Marks etc they are
therefore often absorbed in money. They measure their achievement in
terms of the money they have. The Type A individual simply uses money as
a numerical index of their prowess or achievement. To the Type A
individual, it is the amount of money or the number of things (e.g.
degrees, cars, houses, titles etc) acquired that is important. They
always want to measure their personality in terms of achievement, and
this achievement has to capture the admiration of their peers and
superiors.
The feeling of insecurity which is brought about by
enhanced competitiveness is another common characteristic of Type A
persons. They feel unsecured because they feel that the number of their
achievements is always being judged by their peers and subordinates, and
since the latter are constantly changing as they ascend in the
social-economic scale, they feel that the number of their achievements
must continue to increase. Their insecurity is not exclusively focused
upon their status at any given instance but it appears to be directly
attuned to the pace at which their status improves. They stake their
innermost security upon the pace of their status enhancement. This pace
in turn depends upon a maximal number of achievements recognized as
significant by constantly changing groups, peers and superiors (Yahaya,
1998).
The fourth characteristics of Type A behaviour pattern is
aggression and hostility. Rosenman & Friedman (1974) have noted that
the quest to achieve which is inherent in Type A individuals brings
about aggression as they are constantly involved in competition or
always challenging other people. Most Type A subjects possess so much
aggressive drive that they frequently involve in free- floating
hostility. However, excess aggression and hostility are not always
easily detected in Type A subjects because they often keep such feelings
and impulses under deep cover very few of Type A individuals are aware
of their excessive aggression, and almost none of them are aware of
their hostility. It is only after close association with Type A persons,
that their hostility becomes manifest. The major index of the presence
of aggression or hostility in almost all Type A persons is the tendency
to always compete with or to challenge other people, whether the
activity consists of sporting contest, a game of cards, or a simple
discussion.
Friedman (1996) stated in specific terms that Type A
personality is a term used to describe people who display the following
behaviours:
1. Insatiable desire to achieve their goals
2. Strong willingness to compete in all situations
3. Strong desire for recognition and advancement
4. Desire to multitask under time constraints
5. Always in a rush to finish activities
6. Above average mental and physical alertness
Strube
(1985) pointed out that Type A individuals engage in some behaviours
that make them different from Type B persons. Such behavioural
manifestations could be used to identify Type A individuals and they are
outlined as follows:
(a) Want of control
(b) Always at work
(c) High performance expectation
(d) Expectation of feedback
(e) Self-focused attention
(f) Competitiveness
(g) Heightened activity level
(h) Exaggerated effort
(i) Reference to work alone
(j) Reluctance to relinquish control
(k) Preference for social comparison
(1) Emotional reaction
(m) Anxiety
(n) Reactivity
(o) Anger/hostility
(p) Increased likelihood of Coronary Heart Disease (Cl-ID)