-
Influence Of School Environment On Academic Achievement Of Students Of Public Secondary School
[A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE]
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 6 of 7
-
-
-
Theoretical framework Skinnerian environmental theory
This section is based on the fact that environment is vital for the achievement of educational goal. This becomes necessary since the study is on the influence of school environment on the student achievement of public secondary schools in Enugu State.
The origin of environmental theories can be traced to a known psychologist named John Locke (1917). He is the father of the learning tradition. He postulated that experience and learning are basic and very essential to understanding of human behaviour. The environmental approaches conceive human behaviour as something that is acquired through the process of interaction with the environment, rather than inherited. According to this model, behavioral development is controlled by and is a function of the physical and psycho-social environment, labara in Ngwoke (1997). Children’s development is believed to be shaped by the pattern of reinforcement it receives from the environment. Skinner (1948) contributed in shaping the views expressed by environmental approach. It includes the work of such people as Thorndike Toleman, Guthrie and Hull. These writers have these basic assumptions about the process of learning.
These are: Learning is manifested by a change in behaviour, and the environment shapes behaviour. Therefore learning is the acquisition of new behaviour through conditioning.
It has been observed that sometimes children develop new behaviour by observing other people’s behaviour and by observing the reinforcing or punishing experience of others. Albert Bandura’s social learning theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning which occurs when the behaviour is influenced by watching the behaviour of a model. It is the consequences of the mode’s behaviour that determines the behaviour of the observer. The common objects in our environment which children usually adopt as models include stars in the class, school teacher. Bandura listed four processes involved in observational learning, intentional, retention, production and motivational processes. He emphasized that social learning is interactional in nature. He stressed that human learning involves the interaction of the person, the person’s behaviour and the environment. It is note worthy that a child’s progress in the school is influenced by the attitude he develops towards not only the subjects he is to learn but also the school and the school milieu, hence his attitude will depend on the sort of experience he has had. Based on the underlining principles and assumptions guiding the above discussed theories, the current study is therefore, being anchored on the Bandura’s social learning theory.
Review of empirical studies
Okafor (2003) undertook a survey study to evaluate school plant in terms of adequacy, usage and maintenance in secondary schools in Idemili North Local Government Education Area. The descriptive survey research method was utilized with the questionnaires as the instrument for data collection. The population of the study comprised all the principals and the teachers in post primary insititutions in Idemili Education zone. Two hundred and fifty teachers formed the sample of the study. There was 90% return rate of the questionnaires. The statistical technique used in the analysis of the data was the t-test and mean score.
The findings of this study include the following. It was the opinions of the principals and teachers that they supply physical plant facilities in the post primary schools in Idemili North, Anambra State which include science laboratories, classroom, furniture, staffroom, facilities, library facilities and laboratory equipment.
The principals and teachers posited that students should not be charged for the cost of repairing of school plant. The post primary school management Board should employ store officers and other workers to be in charge of school plant including the maintenance, repairing and
distributing. Both the principals and teachers were of the opinions that community in which the school is located should refurbish the school plant.
Ebeledike (1990) investigated environment correlation of student in secondary school chemistry in Ahaocha Anambra State. The study specifically is to find out professional qualified and experience chemistry teachers, good laboratory equipment and good administration management influence on student performance. Random sampling technique was used for the selection of 200 respondents. Hypotheses were tested with the Pearson product moment correction coefficient at
0.05 level of significant. Data were analyzed using means and frequency distribution.
The researcher found out that the performance of student depend on professional qualified and experience teachers and there is relationship between students’ performance in chemistry and good laboratory equipment.
Ezen (1995) conducted a study on relationship between availability of technical equipment and performance of student in introductory technology in Afikpo Education zone. The study was conducted to find out how effectively teachers of introductory technology in Afikpo education zone are using technical equipment provided in lesson to students, to enable them improve their performance, to compare the
performance of students taught with technical equipment and those taught without technical equipment and to find out the opinion of teachers and students on whether the introduction of practical test in junior school certificate examination will enhance students performance. 260 student and 20 teachers were randomly selected for the study from the 25 secondary school. The data collected were analyzed using frequency table, means, percentages, standard deviation, t-score and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 6 of 7
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study was carried out to investigate the influence of school environment on academic achievement of students in Enugu State public secondary schools. The design of the study is descriptive while the population comprised principals and teachers in the education zone. The sample size for the study was 600 respondents while a researchers’ self developed questionnaire formed the instrument for data collection. Three experts validated the instrument and a cronbach Alpha reliability ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX IDepartment of Educational FoundationsUniversity of Nigeria, Nsukka.20th March, 2010.Dear Sir/Madam,Influence of school environment on academic achievement of students of public secondary school in Enugu State.I am a postgraduate student of the above institution, conducting a research on the above topic: This is to seek for your permission to enable me distribute my questionnaire (copy attached) to your teachers for completion, to enable me carry out this research successfully.Thanks fo ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Certification Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Significance of Study Scope of the Study Research Questions Hypotheses CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATUREConceptual Framework Concept of Environment Concept of Public Secondary schools Historical Development of Public Secondary School Changes in Structure of the Ownership of Public ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Studies on the relationship between availability of resources and students academic achievement have revealed that secondary schools provided with adequate education resources performed significantly better than those provided with inadequate resources (Balogun, 1995). Environment is a very important factor in achievement of goal of any educational programme. People acquire most of their knowledge through the interaction with facilities provided in the environment for learning. Also learning is ... Continue reading---
CLUSTER - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Validation of the instrumentThe instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts from the field of Education Administration and Planning, in the Department of Educational Foundations and one in Measurement and Evaluation, of the faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The experts were requested to look at the adequacy of the items in line with the purpose research questions as well as the rating scale. Corrections were affected in some of the items and on the response op ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Conclusion: The conclusion is drawn that Principals and Teachers do not differ significantly in their mean ratings with regard to the extent school environment affects students academic achievement.Summary of Findings1. The result identified office for teachers, reading room for students and classroom space for teaching as the major areas that to a great extent affect the academic achievement of students with regard to buildings in the public secondary schools.2. It also identified p ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]The mean responses of the principals and teachers were individually identified and subjected to t-test analysis. The findings from the analysis revealed that respondents agreed on the extent school buildings affect the academic achievements of the students of public secondary schools. The findings revealed that staff offices, classroom accommodations and library are the major areas affecting academic achievement of the students.Furthermore, the responses made by principals were separated from th ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAdegboyega, A.A. (2002). Trends in Public Financing of Federal Inventors in Nigeria a Case Study of University of Ibadan in Adedeji, S. O. (ed) African Journal of Educational Planning and Policy Studies 3, No. 1 pp 95-108.Agugbuem, E.O. (2002). Taking the Distance out of the Distance Education; the Complementary Roles of Information Nigeria Education Review 7 (1) 171 – 179.Akpa, G.O. Udoh, S.U, and Fagbamiye E.O. (2005). Deregulating the Provision and Management of Education in ... Continue reading---
