The psychometric properties of the instrument were based on validity
and reliability measure. The properties are presented thus:
Validity:
Validity is the extent to which an instrument or test measures what is
purports to measure. Validity is the most critical criterion and
indicates the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed
to measure. In other words, validity is the extent to which differences
found with a measuring instrument reflect true differences among those
being tested (Kothari, 2004). In order to ascertain the validity of the
instrument, its draft was submitted to the researcher’s supervisor and
two other Lecturers in the Department of Islamic Education, University
of Ilorin for appraisal and assessment. All the corrections, amendments
and comments made by the lecturers were duly effected when making the
final copy of the instrument. The content validity of the instrument was
thus established based on this procedure.
Reliability: This has to
do with consistency and stability of an instrument. According to
Olayinka (2007), reliability is the degree of consistency with which an
instrument measures behaviour over time. It has to do with consistency
and stability of an instrument or test score. Reliability is also
described as the consistency, accuracy, stability and trust worthiness
of a measuring instrument or score obtained. That is, how consistent the
same instrument would give the same score on different occasions or
with different sets of equivalent items under the same condition. In
order to establish the reliability of CDAQ the instrument, test re-test
method was adopted. The instrument was first given to a sample of 20
members of Islamic studies teachers in Ilorin South which was not part
of the study. After a period of four weeks, the instrument was
re-administered to the same set of people who had earlier responded to
it. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was then used to find
correlation between the two sets of scores and it yielded a coefficient
0.62 which established the reliability of the instrument.
Procedure for Data Collection
The instrument was personally administered by the researcher with the help of two trained research assistants. The personal involvement of the researcher provides opportunity for clarifications and proper monitoring of the instrument administration. The instruments questionnaires were administered to teachers during the school hours or at their convenient time and were retrieved on the spot.
Data Analysis Techniques
The data obtained were analysed using percentages, means and rank order, Chi-square (χ²) statistics. Demographic data of the respondents was analysed using percentages. The main research question was answered using mean and rank order, while all hypotheses were tested using Chi-square (χ²) statistics. Chi-Square (χ²) is a non-parametric test used to determine the homogeneity or the significance of population variance. It enables a researcher to explain the effect of an independent variable on another or whether or not two attributes are associated (Kothari, 2012). In view of this, Chi-square (χ²) statistics was considered appropriate for this study in order to test the influence of one variable on the other or to determine the level of variance of an independent variable.