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Anti-plasmodial Property Of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract On Swiss Mice
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A school of thought holds that, the solution to plasmodial resistance
development rests in the use of traditional medicinal plants (Liu et
al., 2010). Several authors have documented medicinal plants that are
used in the treatment of malaria in Ghana and other African countries
(Cox, 2010). The story behind the discovery of the artemisinins, as an
example, seeks to provide a head way in the discovery of bioactive
constituents from medicinal plants for combating malaria (Cox, 2010).
Armed with information from successful traditional treatments of
malaria, it is possible to discover novel compounds from plants that
could be developed into potent antimalarials. This study was thus
carried out to determine the antiplasmodium activities of extract from
the seed of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae).
1.3 Justification of the study
In
sub-Saharan Africa, infectious diseases remain the predominant cause of
illness and death. Plasmodium falciparum malaria alone causes an
estimated 1 million deaths annually (Lopez et al., 2009). Malaria
remains the most serious and widespread protozoal infection of humans.
Over 40% of the world’s population is at risk of contracting malaria,
which is endemic in 91 countries, mostly developing. The disease is
widespread in tropical and subtropical regions that are present in a
broad band around the equator, (Caraballo, 2014). This includes much of
Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The World Health
Organization estimates that in 2012, there were 207 million cases of
malaria. That year, the disease is estimated to have killed between
473,000 and 789,000 people, many of whom were children in Africa, (WHO,
2014). Malaria is commonly associated with poverty and has a major
negative effect on economic development, (Worrall et al., 2009). In
Africa it is estimated to result in losses of $12 billion USD a year due
to increased healthcare costs, lost ability to work and effects on
tourism, (Greenwood et al., 2010). However drug resistance to malaria
has been a major challenge to public health. Many authors have
documented drug resistance strains of plasmodium falciparun (WHO, 2010).
However many countries such as Mali, China, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and
India has integrated herbal products into their health care delivery
system for effective treatment (Kazambe and Munyarari, 2006). But in
Nigeria, natural products is yet to gain wider acceptance by the
physicians due to the facts that most natural products does not have a
biochemical explanation to their mode of action. Also there is paucity
of information on the anti-plasmodium properties of Moringa Oleifera
seed extracts, against the background this study was carried out.
1.4 Aim and objectives
1.4.1 Aim of the study
This study aims at investigating the ligands and in-vivo anti-plasmodium study of Moringa Oleifera seed extract.
1.4.2 Specific objectives
The specific objectives of this study where:
• To assess the phytochemical components of the extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera
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To investigate the in-vivo anti-plasmodium activities of extracts from
Moringa Oleifera seedon on laboratory animals at different concentration
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To evaluate the percentage parasitaemia inhibition at different
concentration among Moringa olifera seed extract administration
Research Hypothesis (Null)
Ho: Extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera does not contain ligands
Ho: Extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera does not contain phytochemical components
Ho: Extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera shows no significant difference in percentage parasitaemia inhibiton
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTMalaria is an increasing worldwide threat, with more than three hundred million infections and one million deaths every year. Due to the emergence of antimalarial drug resistance, the continuous search for antimalarial agents. This study was conducted to determine the antimalarial efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed extract in Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei .After extraction, phytochemical screening and gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening of the extr ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSContents Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents Abstract CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Study 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Justification 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study CHAPTER TWO2.0 Literature review 2.1 Definition and history of Malaria 2.1.2 Et ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 13 ]Leaves and seed
are the parts of the plant of interest. Accordingly, the spatial
distribution in planting Moringa oleifera trees is designed to
facilitate the relevant harvest and the management practices.For production of leaves, Moringa oleifera plantation can be designed as follows:(i)
Intensive production with spacing ranging from 10 cm × 10 cm to 20 cm ×
20 cm, harvest interval between 35 to 45 days, irrigation and
fertilization are needed;(ii) semintensive production wi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Figure 9: Schematic layout of a GC/MS instrument.The stationary
phase in Gas Chromatography is commonly a packing of inert, small
diameter particles (such as diatomaceous earth) with a nonpolar liquid
coating them, or just a liquid coating on the inner surface of the
column. This liquid is a very thin layer (0.1 to 5 μm), usually a
polydimethyl siloxane (shown below) where some of the –CH3 groups can be
altered so as to match the polarity of the analytes. A parameter common ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis study investigated in-vivo antiplasmodium of Moringa Oleifera seed extract. Related literature review was made considering scholars explanation of the subject matter. Relevant data for the study was generated through laboratory experiments conducted by the researchers. Three hypotheses were postulated and tested for the purpose of the study. The hypotheses were tested in this study using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multip ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]ReferencesAbdulkarim, S.M., Long, K., Lai, O.M., Muhammad, S.K.S.and Ghazali, H.M.. (2005). Some physio-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous enzymatic methods. Food Chemistry. 93:253–263.Abdull Razis, A.F., Ibrahim, M.D. and Kntayya, S.B. (2014). Health benefits of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 15: 8571–8576.Adeyemi, O.S. and Elebiyo, T.C. (2014). Moringa oleifera supplemented diets prevented nickel-induced nephrotoxici ... Continue reading---
