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Antimicrobial Properties Of Chlorine And Alcohol Disinfectants
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1.2 Statement of the problem
Chlorination of bacteria by active
chlorine compounds with the aim of killing them occurs both in a variety
of disinfection processes and, in vivo, in the
myeloperoxidase-hypochlorite system that operates within phagolysosomes
of human leuco-cytes.8–10 Investigations on the main long-lived oxidant
produced by granulocytes and monocytes, N-chlorotaurine (NCT),11,12
revealed new insights in the consequences of the chlorination of
pathogens. Incubation for a sublethal time of 1min in 1% NCT solution
caused a lag of regrowth (postantibiotic effect) of bacteria and a loss
of virulence of highly encapsulated staphylococci and streptococci,
demonstrated in the mouse peritonitis model.13,14 In addition, bacteria
chlorinated by the myeloperoxidase system lost their ability to induce
nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-a in macrophages.
These
findings prompted us to establish methods of detection and
quantification of chlorination of bacterial surfaces and to perform the
first systematic examination of chlorine covers on Gram-positive and
-negative bacteria and Candida albicans.
1.3 Objectives of the study
The main objective of the study is to assess the antimicrobial properties of chlorine and alcohol disinfectants.
This
study compares the antimicrobial effect of a chlorine dioxide and a
chlorine generating disinfectant on the contaminants commonly present on
dental instruments and in the dental surgery.
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