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Evaluating The Levels Of Some Selected Trace Metals, Renal Function Parameters And Liver Function Parameters Of Heavy Cosmetics Users Among Female Undergraduates And Compare Levels With Non-cosmetic Users
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EFFECTS OF TOXIC METALS FOUND IN COSMETICS ON THE LIVER
Cosmetics are used by all strata of society as a part of routine body care. In the past metals were used as ingredients of cosmetics, for example, the addition of the preservative thimerosal (mercury), lead acetate in progressive hair dye and red cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) in a number of tattoo pigment. The deliberate use of metals as active ingredients in cosmetic products is prohibited by legislation in most countries, but metal impurities do exist in such products due to their persistence and ubiquitous natures. Metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and Co are retained as impurities in the pigments of eye shadows or released by the metallic devices used during the manufacturing of these products. The continuous use of these cosmetic products could lead to the absorption of metals through skin. Facial cosmetics are used daily and applied to the thinnest area of the facial skin, such as the peri-occular areas, and lips, where absorption may be very high. Although, lipstick as a product is intended for topical use, it can be unconsciously ingested and therefore presents an obvious oral route of exposure to metal contaminants in cosmetics. Metals are of environmental and human health significance because they exhibit a wide range of toxic and chronic health effects, such as cancer; reproductive, developmental and neurological disorders; cardiovascular, kidney and renal problems; lung damage; contact dermatitis; brittle hair and hair loss. Many are implicated as endocrine disruptors and respiratory toxins. The use of cosmetics has been known to cause sensitization, dermatitis, allergic reactions and to be an important route of exposure to metals in humans as exemplified by the use of eye cosmetics such as kohl and surma.
Studies on the concentrations of metals in facial cosmetic products in Nigeria have been documented in the literature. However, although most of the studies established the levels of metals in these facial cosmetic products, they paid little attention to systemic exposure dosages and risk evaluation of the elements investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentrations and exposure risks of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe and Mn in some facial cosmetics in the Nigerian market (Ariens, 2016).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Abstract is coming soon ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]ALBUMINPipette into test tubes Reagent standard sampleDistilled water 0.01ml --- ----Standard (CAL) --- 0.01ml -- ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]APPENDIX IKWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, ILORINFACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCEDEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE.BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE ON TRACE METALS, RENAL AND LIVER FUNCTION PARAMETERS OF KWASU FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES USING COSMETICSDear Respondent,This study was designed to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy cosmetic usage among female undergraduate in Kwara state University, Malete.The information obtained from this research will be used only for the purpose of the research and will ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of studyCosmetology which include nail and hair care has become a lucrative profession. (Halliday-Bell et al., 2009). The use and application of cosmetics have been shown to have some effects on the human system. There are about 9000 chemicals ingredients found in cosmetic products (Kersemaekers and Roelveld, 1995). Nail and hair care users have daily contact with cosmetic products and are therefore routinely exposed to a wide range of chemicals by inhalatio ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER THREE3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS3.2.0 Study Population:3.2.1 Exposed SubjectsThe population for the study was centred on apparently healthy female undergraduate students who are cosmetic users. Subjects were also chosen considering exclusion criteria like chronic smokers as well as alcoholism.3.2.2 Non-Exposed Subjects (Control)Apparently healthy female participants that completely do not use cosmetics, recruited from the Malete Campus Community of the Kwara State ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULTSTable 4.1: Shows the comparison of anthropometric and clinical indices between heavy cosmetic users (lipstick users) (cases) and non-heavy cosmetic users (control). Data shows a mean age of patients with cosmetic users and non-cosmetic users to be 21.38 ± 0.43 and 22.03 ± 0.59 respectively. However, data shows an insignificant difference in the mean value of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, height, weight and body mass index of cosmetic users compar ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 DiscussionIn the present study, the concentrations of Copper cosmetics were observed to be slightly higher than the standard concentration, however its concentrations in the blood and muscles of the studied students were higher with heavy cosmetic users. Similar results were observed in different cosmetic products from El Max Bay Alexandria (Khaled, 2004). In the present study, the lowest concentrations of Cu were observed ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAbdo, M. H. and Yacoub, A. M. (2005). Determination of some heavy metals in water and fish flesh of common species in Bardawil Lagoon, Egypt. Egypt. Journal Analytical Chemistry, 14: 65-76.Al-Dayel, O., Hefne, J. and Al-Ajyan, T. (2011). Human exposure to heavy metals from cosmetics. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 27(1): 1–11.Ames, B.N., Kammen, H.O. and Yamasaki, E. (1975). Hair dyes are mutagenic: identification of a variety of mutagenic ingredients. Proceedings of National Ac ... Continue reading---
