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The Physical And Microbiological Investigation Of Some Local Beverage Drinks
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN METROPOLIS, KWARA STATE]
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Studies have revealed the frequent contamination of street food in many developing countries including Nigeria. Studies by Rath and Patra, (2012), Suneethaet al.(2011), and Arijitet al.(2010) have reveal high loads of bacterial pathogens on popular street foods in different part of India.
In Africa, Mensahet al.(2012) reported the presence of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigellasonnei, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella arizonaeonfrom different foods sold on streets of Accra. El-Shenawyet al.(2011) reported the contamination of Street-vended ready-to-eat food sold in Egypt, with Listeria species which include Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua. Nyenjeet al.(2012) investigated the microbiological quality of ready to eat foods sold in Alice, South Africa and reported the contamination of these foods by Listeria spp., Enterobacter spp., Aeromonash ydrophila, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas luteola.
Study from Nigeria on the microbial safety of locally made drinks such as Kunu-zaki, Pito, Soy milk, and Zobo vended on highways in Onitsha-Owerri, South east, Nigeria, revealed the contamination of these drinks by pathogens which include; Salmonella spp., S. aureus, E. coli, B. cereus, Shigella spp., Enterococci, A. nigerand Pseudomonas (Oranusi and Braide, 2012). Other researchers including Ossaiet al.(2012), Falola et al. (2011) and Mbah et al. (2012) have reported contamination of locally drinks by pathogens in different parts of Nigeria.
Locally produced drinks are fast becoming the choice of Nigeria populace because of their low cost, health and nutritional benefits. These drinks are however not produced aseptically, leading to contamination and resulting in food poisoning.
1.3 Justification of Study
Locally produced drinks are supposed to be safe and free of microorganism. Presence of any type of microorganism in locally produced drinks poses a health challenge to human, community and the nation at large. The fact that aseptic techniques are not employed in the production of local drinks and the consequent contamination of these drinks poses a serious public health challenge. This study will therefore establish the microbial load of different locally produced drinks in and around Ilorin. This will identify the microbiological quality of the drinks and the risk of contamination.
The microbiological assessment of locally produced drinks in Ilorin will serve as an eye opener to the producer and consumers of local drinks on the need to employ aseptic measure in the production and storage of the drinks. The various microorganism types present in these local drinks is as a result of poor handling and low sanitation levels that leads to their contamination.
1.4 Aims and Objectives of Study
1.4.1 Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to determine the physical and microbiological investigation of some local beverage drinks in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State.
1.4.2 Specific Objectives of the study
The specific objectives of this study were;
a. To determine the physical characteristics of locally made drinks in Ilorin metropolis.
b. To determine the microbial content in some locally made drinks in Ilorin metropolis.
c. To isolate pathogenic bacteria and fungi from some locally made drinks in Ilorinmetropolis.
1.5 Research Hypothesis (Null)
There are no microorganisms in locally produced drinks in Ilorin metropolis.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX I ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX C - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX III ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX II ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX D - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX IV ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX E - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX V ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX F - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX VI ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX G - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX VII ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER TWO2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Overview of the Production of Locally Made Drinks in Ilorin The body system needs food as an essential resource for maintenance and functioning of various body systems. Locally produced drinks are nutritional drinks produced and consumed by many families and residents of Ilorin, Kwara State.As previously mentioned, locally produced drinks in Nigeria include Zobo, Kunu, Pito, Soy milk e.t.c. Many ethnic groups in Nigeria are still known to appreciat ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD3.1 Study AreaThe Kwara State is located in the North-Central geopolitical region of Nigeria on latitude 80 24’ and 80 36’ North and longitude 40 10’ and 40 36’ East of the Greenwich Meridian with an elevation of 290m above sea level. It has a total area of 36,825 km2 with a total population of 2,371,089 (population.gov.ng). It is bounded to the west by Republic of Benin; to the north by Niger State, to the east by Kogi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULTSSuperscripts a and b show that the values are significantly different while all the values bearing the same letter shows no significant different statistically. The pH of Kunu-Zaki for Kwara Central was 6.24 ± 0.05, Kwara South was 6.18 ± 0.03and Kwara North was 6.22 ± 0.12respectively. When pH of the three zones were compared with respect to Kunu-zaki, there were no significant different (p>0.05). With respect to zobo, the three locations were not significant ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]The presence of Candida spp. in the food sample is not surprising as they disperse in the form of spores which is abundant in the environment and can be introduce through dust and soil (Apinis, 2003). Their presence in these beverage drinks is of serious public health concern as this fungi have all been implicated with the production of mycotoxin (Makun et al., 2009). 5.1 ConclusionThis study examined the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of locally made drinks in Ilorin metro ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAdams, M.R. and Moss, M.O. (2008) Bacterial Agents of Foodborne Illness In Food Microbiology Third Edition. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. Pp.182 -269. Adebayo, A. and Idowu, C. (2013) Mycotoxins in Food in West Africa. Journal of Biotechnology,2(2):12–16. Adebayo, G.B., Otunola, G.A. and Ajao, T.A. (2010) Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of Kunu prepared from millet, maize and guinea corn and stored at selected temperatures.Advanced J ... Continue reading---
