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A Study On Mosquito As A Primary Malaria Vector
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1.2 MOSQUITO BREEDING SITES FOR DIFFERENT MOSQUITO TYPES
Breeding
site is a place where mosquito can find all the physical and chemical
requirements necessary for their growth, development and survival.
Breeding sites vary according to types of mosquito. For example many
species of Anopheles prefer habitats with vegetation while some breed in
open, sunlit pools. A few species breed in tree holes or the leaf axils
of some plants (CDC, 2004).
Anopheline species are known to be
ground pool breeders, although large numbers have been observed in
gutters, periodomestic run off and domestic containers (Mafiana et al,
1998; Aigbodion et al, 2003). Anopheles mosquito has been found to breed
in clear water of suitable PH, temperature and nutrient composition
(Okorie et at, 1978).
Aedes mosquito usually breeds in natural
habitats especially in tree holes, leafs axils, rock pools and similar
sites (Hawley, 1988). Wide spread deforestation, climate change and
increase in global trade has forced this mosquito worldwide to adapt to
breeding in domestic and semi-domestic artificial container habitats
(Gubler et al, 2001; Delatte et al,2008).
The unplanned and haphazard
growth of urban settlement, stagnant water in ditches and drains,
cesspits, septic tanks, water tanks, barrels and all sorts of containers
have increased the culex breeding surface area (WHO/TDR, 1975).
Culex
species are found breeding in fresh water habitats such as pools,
ditches, ponds and even in effluents of sewage treatment plants.
Ochlerotatus species are found in temporary flood water pools, fresh and
brackish marshes, and natural artificial containers. Psorophora species
breed primarily in temporary flood water such as woodland pools, road
side ditches and pastures. Deranotaenia species are most commonly found
in ground pools, swamps and grassy edges of lakes. They feed primarily
on reptiles and amphibians and are not known to bite humans (PHPC,
2001).
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims and objectives of this study are:
1. To identify the breeding sites of mosquitoes.
2. To know the species of mosquitoes that are highly prevalent in Uyo urban.
3. To determine the physico-chemical parameters of the breeding sites.
4. To know their various control measures.
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