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Just State In Plato ;a Critical Exposition
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1.4 Methodology
The work is philosophical. The method is expository,
descriptive and evaluative in nature. It will examine the relevance of
Plato’s just state when applied to Nigerian, and finally conclusion is
drawn at the end of this work.
1.5 Division of Work
This work is
divided into five chapters. Chapter one takes into consideration the
background of the study and the literature review of Justice beginning
from the most recognized ancient philosophers till the time of Plato.
Chapter two is a brief survey of the key concepts. The definition of
state and Justice as the leaven of the ideal state. Chapter three is a
brief assessment of the nature of the Just state in Plato. It is further
divided into three namely the origin of the state, the citizens of the
state. The state should be self- sufficing and capable of protecting its
citizens from internal and external problem since it is natural to man
and exists for the provision of numerous needs of man. Hence, leadership
of the state by competent hand i.e., philosopher king. Chapter four,
considers the various forms of political society in Plato showing the
bad and good forms, where the former aims at satisfying the selfish
interests of the rulers, the later at the good of the state and the
entire citizenry. Chapter five deals with evaluation, pointing out
Plato’s relevance to the present day (Nigerian) politics, and lastly the
conclusion of this research work.
1.6 Literature Review
“No one
speaks from nowhere,â€2 said Hans Gadamer. It is on this ground that we
wish to explore our literature reviews, surveying how some political
writers conceived this concept justice, taking cognisance of its
definition as the strong and firm will to dish to each that which is
his/her due. Meanwhile, their notions of justice differ considerably,
especially the sophists, which was one of the major reasons that brought
Plato into the scene.
1.6.1 Sophists
They are teachers who came
to Athens to deliberate more on human nature, how knowledge is acquired
and how human might order their behaviour. But, in the real sense of it
they were political and legal men. Meanwhile, we shall look at two of
them.
1.6.1.1 Protagoras (481-410BC)
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