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Psychological Effect Of Conflict/violence On Women And Children
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1.3 Objective of the Study
1 To determine the nature of conflict and violence on women and children
2 To determine the psychological effect of conflict and violence on women and children.
1.4 Research Questions
1 What is the nature of conflict and violence on women and children?
2 What is the psychological effect of conflict and violence on women and children?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The
study proffer a framework for the formulation and implementation of
policies aimed at eliminating conflict and violence against women and
children
1.6 Statement of Hypothesis
1 Ho The level of conflict and violence against women and children is low
Hi The level of conflict and violence against women and children is high
2 Ho The psychological effect of conflict and violence on women and children is low
Hi The psychological effect of conflict and violence on women and children is high.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The research focuses on the appraisal of the psychological effect of conflict and violence on women and children.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Sustainable
peace . Sustainable peace must be the priority of global society where
state actors and non-state actors do not only seek for the profits in a
near future that might violate the stable state of peace. Conflict
triangle
Johan Galtung's conflict triangle works on the assumption
that the best way to define peace is to define violence, its opposite.
It reflects the normative aim of preventing, managing, limiting and
overcoming violence.
Direct (overt) violence, e.g., direct attack, massacre.
Structural violence.
Death
by avoidable reasons such as malnutrition. Structural violence is
indirect violence caused by an unjust structure and is not to be equated
with an act of God.
Cultural violence.
Cultural violence occurs
as a result of the cultural assumptions that blind one to direct or
structural violence. For example, one may be indifferent toward the
homeless, or even consider their expulsion or extermination a good
thing.
Each corner of Galtung's triangle can relate to the other two. Ethnic cleansing can be an example of all three.
Cost of conflict
Cost
of conflict is a tool which attempts to calculate the price of conflict
to the human race. The idea is to examine this cost, not only in terms
of the deaths and casualties and the economic costs borne by the people
involved, but also the social, developmental, environmental and
strategic costs of conflict. The approach considers direct costs of
conflict, for instance human deaths, expenditure, destruction of land
and physical infrastructure; as well as indirect costs that impact a
society, for instance migration, humiliation, growth of extremism and
lack of civil society.
Normative aims
The normative aims of
peace studies are conflict transformation and conflict resolution
through mechanisms such as peacekeeping, peace building (e.g., tackling
disparities in rights, institutions and the distribution of world
wealth) and peacemaking (e.g., mediation and conflict resolution).
Peacekeeping falls under the aegis of negative peace, whereas efforts
toward positive peace involve elements of peace building and
peacemaking.
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