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Prevalence Study Of Hepatitis B
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO HEPATITIS B
Viral
hepatitis is a disease as old as the history of Medicine. Hepatitis was
described in the Babylonian Talmud in the fifty century BC, and was
referred to by Hippocratic over 2000 years ago. Despite this ancient
knowledge, it was not until 1963, that the first human Repetitious virus
was isolated, Hepatitis B. This was followed quickly by the
purification of Hepatitis A in 1973, and more recently by the isolation
of viruses C, D, E and G. These viruses are known to infect the human
liver (Anderson et al; 2001).
However, there are more than twenty
other viruses, which infect the human liver. These are not considered
“Repatitis viruses†as these other viruses tend to infect organs other
than the liver more seriously’. These include common viruses such as
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mumps, Rubella, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as well
as rare ones such as Rassa fever and yellow fever viruses.
Any
infection that results in inflammation of the liver is called Repatitis
(Greek Repaticus, liver). Incidentally, not all “hepatitis†is caused by
viruses. “HEPATITIS†means “inflammation of the liverâ€, and can be
caused also by other types of infection (bacteria fungi etc); toxic
drugs; poisons; alcoholism and so on (Drexott etal; 2005).
But of
interest is one Repatitis virus – one of the most common infections
diseases, causing an estimated 1.5millon deaths world wide each year –
Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is caused by the Repatitis B virus (HBV), a
double – stranded circular DNA virus of complex structure. Hbv is class
ivied as an orthoropadnavirus within the family hepadnaviridae. HBV was
originally recognized as the age responsible or serum Repatitis the most
common form of partially transmitted viral Repatitis and an import
cause of acute and chronic infection of the liver. This why hepatitis b
is some times called seum Repatitis. The virus was formerly and anilines
referred to as Australian antigen. The reason being that it was first
isolated room the blood of an Australian aborogie and is associated with
HBV. (procott et al 2005.
Hepatitis B remain one of the major cause
of human suffering in the world despite a through understanding of its
transmission and prevention. Serum form undivided infected with
hepatitis B contains three district antigen particles: a spherical 22nm
particle, a 42 nm spherical particle ( counting DNA and DNA polymer
able) called the Dane particle, and tubular or filamentous particles
that vary in length. The small spherical and tubular particles are the
unassembled component of the Dane particle- the infective form of the
virus. The unassembled particles. Contain hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg) whose presence in the blood is (a) an indicator of Repatitis B
infection (b) the basis for the large scale screening of blood for the
hepatitis B virus, and (c) the basis for the first vaccine for human use
developed by recombinant DNA technology (Evans, 1997
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The prevalence of viral hepatitis B among patients in National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu was studied. The samples comprised that of men , woman and children 200 in numbers, all patient of orthopedic Hospital Enugu. Laboratory investigation done were this HBs tested which 110 patient out of the 200 patients tested positive, and liver function tests found abnormal in almost all the patients that tested positive to HBsAG routine test. The commonest clinical presentations were fever and jaundice ... Continue reading---
