• Construction Of Automatic Phase Changer

  • CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 10]

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    • The curent bpath within a typical fuse is through the end caps or ferrules to a metallic fusible element the resistance of the fusible element develop heat that cause a portion of the matalto malt or disintegrate upon reaching the melting temperature of the metal. This property is exploited to achieve accurate thermal activation of a fuse in response to a particular level of over load current. In normal operation, the temperature of the device remain relatively law and the resistance of the device also remain low when on overload current flow through the device the internal temperature of the fuse rises sufficiently to cause the fuse to electrically open an alloy type thermal fuse is widely used as a thermo protector for an electrical appliance or a circuit element for example a semi conductor device a capacitor or a resistor such an alloy type thermal fuse has a configuration in which an alloy of a predetermined melting point is used as a fuse element and the flux applied element is seated by an insulator.
      A time delay fuse is a type of fuse that designed to allow temporary and harmless currents to pass there through without triggering the fuse time delay fuses are typically used in circuit subject to temporary transient such as motor starting currents.
      Time delay fuses often employ a fusible element and a spring loaded heat mass a deposit of solder retains the heat mass from movement by the spring. The dimension of fusible element is selected such that it melts quickly under short circuit condition.
      Solid state fuses are also known which transistor and thyristors are placed in series with the load and turnoff in response to a load fault condition.
      fuse are commonly used in automotive element system to protect circuits against damage caused by overload condition fuse for various often grouped together at clustered location where circuit junction exist in a fuse box power distribution block or junction block many automotive vehicle are equipped with a fuse junction box which service to hold a plurality of fuses associated with the various electrically powered device of the vehicle.
      Fuse are commonly used in integrated circuits to provide reblundancy programming capabilities such fuses can provide for redundancy for the purpose of preventing education of yield of the semi conductor device which may be caused by random defects generated in the manufacturing process.
      Fuse are typically used in the design of monolithic integrated circuits (ic) and in particular in memory device as element for altering the configuration of the circuitry conta1ined there in to increase yield integrated circuit such as memory chips it is common to include redundant memory cell on the chip if a memory circuit is found to be defective or is not needed, the fuse May be blown thereby activating or deactivating the redundant memory cells
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    • ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT WILL BE HERE SOON.... ... Continue reading---

         

      TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTCover pageDedicationCertificationAcknowledgementTable of contentCHAPTER ONE1.1    Introduction1.2    Block diagram of an automatic phase changer 1.3    Component listCHAPTER TWO-Component description2.1    comparator2.2    Zener diode p.n junction,electron,avalanche diode,avalanche breakdown}2.3    Rectifier2.4    Relay2.5    Transformer2.6    Capacitor2.7    FuseCHAPTER THREE3.1    Comparator/voltage sensor stag.3.2    Design calculator3.3   ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]COMPONENT LISTComponent name                    Quality        Step down transformer                     3(Files 22ov - 12v 300mA)Fuse (F1 - F3 = 5A)                        3IC (IC1 – Ic3 =741)                        3Transistor (T1, T2, T3 = BC 557)            3Relay (RL1 – RL3 = 12v LC/o Relay)            3Zener diode CZD1 = ZD3 = 5, 1v            3Variable resistance (VR4 – ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]DESIGN CALCULATION From fig 2: R1 and R2 from a potential divider to reduce the unregulated voltage to a low voltage of less than 5v at 160v ac input let vr2=1.5vWhere VR2 is the drop across R2 and v+ is the unregulated voltage from table 1 it can be seen that v+ 11v at 160av inputLet R1 =100k-2R2=15.7k2      =15k-2 preferred valueR3 and R4 from another potential divider for the reference letting a maximum adjustable reference of 3.5v and setting R3=1.5K-2=5kv present (preferred value)    ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Table 1 shows the variation in D.C voltage against the input public supply voltage.    The normall open and close of the relay were identified with the and of  a digital metre to avoid wrong connection of the relay contact.    Fig .5 is the detail circuit diagram of the system.The output of the power supply unit which powers the relays was tested by making the relays to change – over immediately the power supplied. With a generator, the system was tested with public supply source. ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVEThe various test carried out and the results obtained demonstrate that the automatic phase change. Change –over switch achieved it’s design and construction aim. The system worked accordingly to specification and quite satisfactory. The automatic phase change –over switch is relatively affordable and reliable. It is easy to operate, and it provides a high level of power supply when there are power outages. Finally, it reduces stress associated with `manual change ... Continue reading---

         

      REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES 1.    Faissler, W.L 1991. An introduction  to modern  electronics, Willey, New York , NY, USA. 2.    Horowitz, P. and winfierld , H. 2002. The Art of electonics, 2nd ed. Cambridge University  Press, camridge, UK. 3.    Owen, B. 1995. Begineer’s guide to electronics 4thed. A newness Technical Book , McGraw- Hill comapies  Inc. New York, N.Y, USA. 4.    Rocks , G and Mazur, G 1993.  electrical motor  controls, Ameriacan technical Publ., New- York, N.Y U.S.A5.  ... Continue reading---