Influence Of Home Background On Students Performance In Social Studies
[A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OYUN LGA, KWARA STATE]

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
    This chapter attempts to discuss some of the related concept to the subjects of this research work. The review work will be organized under the following sub headings;
•    Concept of academic performance.
•    Causes of poor academic performance among secondary school students on social studies
•    Socio-Economic Status (SES) and academic performance of students
•    Types of family and students academic performance
•    Family size and position inn the family.
•    Summary of related literature reviewed
Concept of Academic Performance
    The issue of declining academic performance of students on Nigerian secondary school has generated much interest among stakeholder in the education sector in Oyun Local Government Area of Kwara state. The quality of education and performance of students depends on the teachers as reflected in the discharge of their duties, the students home environments, peer influence and social economic status of their parents. Overtime students academic performance in both internal and external examination in social studies had been used to determine the effectiveness of teachers and teaching (Ajao 2001). This was buttressed by Ogunsaya (2004) that the academic standard in all state educational, institution (secondary schools) has fallen considerably between societal expectations.
Causes of Poor Academic Performance among Secondary School Students
    Aremu and Sokan (2003) submit that the search for the causations of poor academic achievement is unending and some of the factors they put forward are motivational orientation, self esteem/self efficacy emotional problems study habits teacher consultation and poor interpersonal relationships.
    Bakare (2004) also effort to categorize factors militating against good academic performance into four principle area which are;
I.    Causation residents in the child such as basic cognitive skills, physical and health factor, pscho-emotional factors, lack of interest in school programme.
II.    Causation resident in the family such as cognitive stimulation /basic nutrition during the first two years , types of discipline at home lack of role model and finance
III.    Causation resident in the society such as instability of educational policy, under funding of educational sector, leadership, job, losses.
IV.    Causation resident in the school as school location and physical building interpersonal relationship among the school personal.
Socio-Economic Status (SES) and Academic Performance of Students.
The value of socio economic factors for predicting academic achievement seems to be especially supported by research. White (2006) and Morakinyo (2003) indicate the existence of relationship between socio economic status and achievement White (2006) in a meta analysis of 620 correlation coefficient from 100 students indicates that a definite relationship exist between (SES) and academic achievement. He note that the frequency obtained correlation ranged from 0.10 to 0.70 that is positive relationship which means as one factor increase the other also increases.