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The Impact Of Employees Participation In Decisionn Making In Nigerian Public Sectors
[A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY OF NIGERIA (PHCN) ENUGU]
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1.10 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The Neoclassical
theorists recognized the importance of individual or group behaviour and
emphasized human relations. Based on the Hawthorne experiments, the
neoclassical approach emphasized social or human relationships among the
operations, researchers and supervisors (Roethlisberger and Dickson,
1943) it was argued that these considerations were more consequential in
determining productivity than mere changes in working conditions.
Productivity increase were achieved as a result of high morale, which
was influenced by the amount of individual personal and intimate
attention workers received through participation in managerial decision
making. The classical approach stressed the formal organization. It was
mechanic and ignored major aspects of human nature. In contrast, the
neoclassical approach introduced an informal organizational structure
and emphasized the following principles.
1) Individual: An individual
is not a mechanical tool but a distinct social being with aspirations
beyond mere fulfillment of a few economic and security works.
Individuals differ from each other in pursuing these desires. Thus, an
individual should be recognized as interacting with social and economic
factors.
2) The work Group: The neoclassical approach highlighted the
social facets of work groups or informal organizations that operate
within a formal organization. The concept of „group‟ and it‟s
synergistic benefits were considered important.
3) Participative
Management: Participative management or decision making permits
workers/employees to participate in decision making process. This was a
new form of management to ensure increase in productivity.
The system
approach views organizations as a system composed or interconnected and
thus mutually dependent – subsystem. These sub-system can be perceived
as composed of some components, function and process Albrecht (1983).
Thus, the organization consists of the following basic elements. Bakke,
(1969).
i) Components: There are 5 basic interdependent parts of the organizing system namely:
a) Individual
b) The formal and informal organization
c) Patterns of behaviour emerging from role demands of the organizations.
d) Role comprehension of the individual
e) The physical environment in which individuals work.
ii)
Linking Processes: The different components of an organization are
required to operate in an organized and correlated manner. The
interaction between them is contingent upon the linking processes which
consist of communication, balance and decision making.
a)
Communication: Is a means for eliciting action, enacting control and
effecting coordination to link decision centre in the system in a
composite form.
b) Balance: Is the equilibrium between different
parts of the system so that they keep a harmoniously structured
relationship with one another.
c) Decision Analysis is also
considered a linking process in the system approach. Decision may be to
produce or participate in the system. Decision to produce depends upon
the attitude of individuals and the demands of the organization.
Decision to participate refers to the individuals decision to engross
themselves in the organization process, that depends on what they get
what they are expected to do in participative decision making.
Conclusively,
these theories are of the opinion that workers/ employees should be
seen as human beings with social and economic needs and as such be
allowed to participate in managerial decision making as it affects them.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]In a centralized organization, employees are not allowed to participate in decision making. This is because it is feared that they are not competent and as a result will not contribute meaningfully in decision of the organization. The essence of this project research is to assess the impact of employees participation in decision making in Nigerian public sector. The study was designed with descriptive survey method. Questionnaire interview including library materials were also used in collecting ... Continue reading---
